Ethics And Its Impact On The Modern World - 964 Words

In admission, the contemporary society’s complication often increases the necessity for forms of leadership can be described as ‘ethical’ (Ciulla, 2004). Indeed, this is because of the fact that there has been an increase in the aspects of immorality in different areas of leadership, which leaders are supposed to consider in decision making processes (Alahmad, 2010). However, there are still issues in this perspective, especially in regards to the enhanced understanding of the concept of ethical leadership. Innately, the lack of proper comprehension of the idea of headship morality has been evidenced in many instances of unethical practices by managers of different institutions. Accordingly, there is an inherent suggestion that the problem with leadership these days is a deficiency in ethics. Theoretical Framework In theory, the complexity of modern leadership entails the fact that ethics impact all aspects of leadership in the modern world (Ciulla, 2004, and Mihelic, et al., 2010). As such, leaders have been forced to develop both personal and professional ethics that should be adhered to during decision-making procedures to enable them run their organizations and units that they manage in an ethical manner (Ciulla, 2004, and Mihelic, et al., 2010). In this way, they will be able to not only provide directions act towards ethical practices but will also help themselves and their subordinates get adequate space and time for inventive development as well as adjustments forShow MoreRelatedAristotles Impact on Current Society812 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle’s Impact on Current Society _NAME___ HUM 360 B1 Wilmington University Aristotle was one of the most important western philosophers. He was a student of Plato and the teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. I found that his biggest impacts on modern society were in the subject areas of ethics, and zoology. Aristotle wrote the firstRead MoreAdvertising : The Positive Impact Of Ethical Advertising1000 Words   |  4 Pages In the modern day society, advertisements have huge influence everywhere, especially those through the media. Advertising through the media is pervasive and powerful in shaping up attitudes and behaviors in the contemporary world. Advertisement does have profound impact on peoples understanding of life, the world and themselves, particularly regarding values and choices in life. Today, there is increasing literature focusing on ethical and moral issues that advertisement can and does actually raiseRead MoreHow Traditional MÄ ori Ethics and Values Have Been Applied in Contemporary MÄ ori Land Development1400 Words   |  6 PagesHow Traditional MÄ ori Ethics and Values Have Been Applied in Contemporary MÄ ori Land Development TihÄ“ mauriora The breath, the energy of life Ki te whaiao, ki Te Ao MÄ rama To the dawnlight, to the world of light My understanding of the question is that I am to demonstrate my view of MÄ tauranga, (traditional MÄ ori knowledge) and Kaupapa MÄ ori (traditional MÄ ori ethics and values) and how they are incorporated into today’s world. I will be relating my interpretation specifically to sustainableRead MoreWeber vs. Marx1332 Words   |  6 Pagesreflections of the economic base. (The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism (1904-5) Weber agrees that the economy is one of the most faithful forces in modern life. However there are other social and legal factors which exhibit power and thus influence society. These factors help define bureaucratic society or Webers concept of modern society which operates through the rational administration of labor. According to Weber, the condition of modern society is disenchantment, which, through rationalizationRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On Society And Legal Requisites1148 Words   |  5 Pagesdoing this, tutorials an d lectures provided framework of ethical thinking. This essay will reflect on how exploration of this subject framework has helped my insight into the practical application of ethic knowledge. As discussed in first lecture I learnt how information technology rise, code of ethics and code of conduct, effects of Information Technology on society and legal requisites by attending lectures and tutorials. Throughout the semester I got great tutor who has doctorate this subject, sheRead MoreThe Moral Principles Of Ethics1352 Words   |  6 PagesEthics is one of the oldest and most influential human behavior. Ethics governs the self’s moral principle and values and even religious views. The source of moral and ethical views is a critical question in the study of Contemporary sociological theory. Philosophers has studied and attempted to answer how and where the self’s moral principle generated from. Ethics has been one of the strongest foundation of social structure. Many society developed and structured their moral principle based on reasonRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1332 Words   |  6 PagesTwo sociologists and philosophers have discussed their views on religion and its impact on society. Most of the Sociologist of that time wrote about the role of religion in society, Karl Marx and Max Weber observations are particularly relevant for our course. Religion is one of the principle social ideologies that impacts social stability and modification. This paper will compare and contrast their views on the impact of religion upon society. Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Max Weber (1864-1920) bothRead MoreAncient Greek Philosophers Who Have Helped Shape The World1350 Words   |  6 Pageshave helped shape the world back then may not be here with us today, but they are still very much alive in the teachings we are being taught today and living through day by day. Around twenty centuries ago, Greek philosopher Aristotle laid out the foundations of Western culture. The principles of Greek philosophy implemented its way into encompassing a persons point of view or their knowledge on society. Aristotle has helped improve and transmuted the world by his views on ethics and virtues he hasRead MoreThe Shape of Practical Theology638 Words   |  3 Pagesconsiders a new approach to modern Christianity. Anderson believes that the modern church is plagued by a significant divide between theology and practical Christianity. Many churches approach these two aspects of religion as if they are separate, rather the practical sides of Chris tianity lacking. Therefore, Andersons goal in the book is to relate modern practical Christianity directly to theology. He uses theology to tackle some of the major social issues that impact on modern practicing ChristiansRead MoreEuthanasia: Murder or Mercy? Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pages Our modern day society has been recurrently challenged on many topics that have been deemed as â€Å"moralistically impacting.† It is accepted today that a problem cannot be solved in modern day society unless adequate proof is offered to manipulate the stalwart beliefs of many individuals in a way as to reach an impasse amongst two opposing parties. Euthanasia happens to be a topic that has been debated extensively for the larger part of the twenty-first century (Larue). Even the definition of euthanasia

Essay on Early Civilizations - 522 Words

Early Civilizations nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;From 3000 BC to 1500 BC four civilizations arose that historians to this day marvel at, the Egyptians, the Sumerians, the Indus River Valley people, and the Shang dynasty in China. They all had great accomplishments in government, and religion and inventions. While they had their own different civilizations many similarities arise, such as depending on the river and their polytheistic religions. They had very isolated civilizations with the exception of the Sumerians. The geography, religion, and their governments all contributed to their success as a civilization. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Egyptians were situated in northern Africa around the Nile. The Mediterranean Sea,†¦show more content†¦Sumerians also had a polytheistic religion, and like the Egyptians each region or city-state worship a local god primarily. They pictured their gods as having little regard for human life. The Sumerians did not believe in an afterlife. The Shang dynasty’s religion is rather different compared to the others Shang Ti was a god that ruled over lesser gods. They also believed that ancestors were able to go between through gods and people. Also Oracle Bones were used to tell the future. Lastly, The IRVC was also polytheistic religion they revered bulls and some trees, and held them as sacred. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The governments of these four civilizations were rather different with kings, pharaohs, and nobles. In Egypt a pharaoh had god’s blood and was an absolute monarch. In Sumeria had twelve city-states that were very populated somewhere from 20,000 to 250,000 people in each. Each city-state was governed independently and had their own kings. The king was a military leader, and a priest, making Sumeria a theocracy. The IRVC had a centralized government, which is indicated, by very intricately planned cities. Priest-kings were the leaders of the land. The Shang dynasty had kings that ruled over nobles who ruled over providences. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;All four civilizations were different but significantly similarly in the senseShow MoreRelatedEarly Civilizations : Ancient Civilizations830 Words   |  4 Pages18, 2015 Early Civilization All civilizations, whether old or new, strive for advancement. In order to advance, certain techniques and characteristics have to be combined and manipulated to achieve this progression. â€Å"A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a variety of common elements.† Examples of these early civilizations that used similar characteristics to flourish were the Sumerians in Mesopotamia and the Egyptians in Egypt. A civilization is formedRead MoreThe Mysteries Of Early Civilizations1030 Words   |  5 Pages Uncovering the mysteries of early civilizations is a task not many scientists have successfully and accurately attempted. Jared Diamond’s main focus of his Pulitzer Prize winning book/documentary Guns, Germs, and Steel is the claim that the 3 biggest mysteries of civilization depended mostly on accidental agriculture. This has been met with controversy because Diamond rarely includes other factors such as guns, steel, and actual Eurasian history. But is Guns, Germs, and Steel accurate and entertainingRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Early Civilizations Of Mesopotamia1042 Words   |  5 Pagescharacteristics shown in the early civilizations of Mesopotamia are still evident in today’s world because without these basic standards set by the people of Mesopotamia, civilization could never have grown or had a reference point for the basic building blocks of society. Mesopotamia was able to grow through the development of technology, trade, stable political and military system s, and a class system that contributed to society . Mesopotamia’s way of life influenced many other civilizations such as the onesRead MoreSexism in Early Civilizations Essays733 Words   |  3 PagesEven in the first civilizations sexsim was very prevalent, women were not included in democracy, they were not allowed to vote, and in some earlier civilizations women were not even allowed to have a job or go outside the home. Even as a 16 year old girl in America, the supposed land of dreams, I see sexism everyday. I see it when I watch the news, I see it when I’m walking down the halls at my school, I even see it when I read novels and articles or watch a movie online. Over 60% of serious journalismRead MoreThe Significance of Agriculture in Early Human Civilization1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Significance of Agriculture in Early Human Civilization Over the course of human evolution, there has been no greater single development with as profound and far reaching effects as that of the development of agriculture. Sustainable agriculture drove human civilization from a hunter-gatherer society to the settled and centralized society we know today. The advent of modern agriculture techniques enabled early man to settle in one area and develop their own food and raw material needed forRead MoreGeography and Early Civilizations Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesGeography and Early Civilizations Geography had a tremendous impact on early civilizations, the topography of the different regions played a key role in their development and formation. This statement by Fernand Braudel â€Å" Geography is the stage in which humanity’s endless dramas are played out† (Getz et al., Exchanges, 26) is a very moving and telling description. The terrain, whether it is natural or man made is not the end all, be all. It does however affect the stage a great deal. MountainousRead MoreComparing Religious And Political Authority Of Early Civilizations1352 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Religious and Political Authority of Early Civilizations Civilization can be defined along lines of a sophisticated state of human society, whereby a high level of culture and science, as well as industry and government has been attained. This paper compares civilization in the line of authority, both in religious and political spheres among the three groups; Mesopotamia, Nile in Egypt and Indus Valley (Mahenjodaro and Harrapa) in India. Mesopotamia Political organization The name MesopotamiaRead MoreEssay on Analyzing Early Mesopotamian Civilization1092 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyzing ancient civilization and how it began, there are many elements and aspects that should be considered. Questions such as how did civilization begin? What lead to its creation? Where did it begin, and why in that particular location? Many of these questions can be examined and answered by researching what many believe is the world’s earliest civilization, Mesopotamia. It is widely believed that this region was chosen and supported one of the world’s first civilizations. This area wasRead MoreThe Influence of Geography and the Environment On the Development of Early Civilization 790 Words   |  4 Pagesnearly every civilization. For example, rivers bring water and allow for agricultural development, while mountains or deserts provide for protection and create a barrier. Many things, such as the aforementioned deserts and mountains, can offer both posi tive and negative influences on the society in question. The climate and amount of rainfall is directly related to the success or failure of crop growing, and thus related to the amount of time spent on simply surviving. Civilizations that are ableRead MoreEarly Civilizations and the Dawn of the Medieval Age Essay3703 Words   |  15 PagesEarly Civilizations and the Dawn of the Medieval Age History is an account of mans achievements during the last five thousand years. Though man has been on this planet for about 500,000 years, history only covers a part of this period. The reason for this is that history is essentially based on written documents However the art of writing become known to man, only after 3000 B. C. 1.1 History : Meaning and Importance The word history is derived from the Greek noun historia meaning inquiry

Competency, Alliance Building, and Character Free Essays

â€Å"Competency† is technically defined as â€Å"the behaviors that employees must possess or must obtain to input into a situation to be able to complete high levels of performance† (Le Deist et. al., 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Competency, Alliance Building, and Character or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Alliance Building†, on the other hand, is technically defined as â€Å"the ability to work with other members of the workforce† (Competency.., n.d.). Explaining further, an employee should be able to: 1) exhibit capabilities within the group; 2) respect or value other co-employees or co-workers in spite of cultural and individual differences; 3) assume multiplicity of tasks and functions while working with other people; 4) listen, contribute ideas, show inventiveness, acknowledge other peoples’ inputs/involvement/contribution; 5) identify and describe group responsibilities; 6) accept constructive criticisms; 7) distinguish conflict; 8) utilize â€Å"conflict management skills† including: identification of conflict, knowing the issues, taking into consideration other employees’ points of view, thinking of solutions, brainstorming the results, explaining the resolution process appropriate to the job, justification of the option selected, application of the choice picked, as well as, reflecting on the result/effect; 9) etc (Competency.., n.d.). â€Å"Character†, however, technically refers to â€Å"the positive characteristics that an employee should possess to be able to carry out his or her task and functions excellently† (Competency.., n.d.). These positive characteristics include the following: 1) confidence; 2) willingness to accept responsibilities; 3) capability of working realistically; 4) ability to develop great beliefs consequently reflecting an excellent character; 5) capacity to relate with other employees who â€Å"show signs of character†; 6) honesty; 7) tolerance; 8) wisdom; 9) â€Å"selfless service†; 10) hardworking; 11) concerned with others and not just himself or herself (Tartaglia, 1999). â€Å"Competency†, â€Å"alliance building†, as well as, â€Å"character† contribute largely to success (Tartaglia, 1999). All the aforementioned are needed in order for a person to succeed in any given endeavor (Tartaglia, 1999). Let us take for instance, in the workplace, specifically in a restaurant, an employee should possess competency so that he or she will be able to perform at his or her best (Tartaglia, 1999). He or she should always strive to cook and serve the best dishes (Tartaglia, 1999). Furthermore, alliance building should also be included in his vocabulary, because if for instance, he or she feels that he or she is always right or blames/resents others, he or she is impatient or intolerant, he or she is a fault-finder, then he or she does not have the capability to work with others (Tartaglia, 1999). In addition to that, if he or she has excuse for every mistake or failure he or she commits, then he or she does not have the â€Å"character† to make it or to succeed in his or her chosen endeavor (Tartaglia, 1999). Similarly, if he or she is dishonest, as well as, if he or she is unwilling to go the extra mile to serve others, for instance, he is only willing to work during his or her schedule and does not voluntarily help others especially if he or she feels that his or her work is already done for the day, then he or she does not have the â€Å"character† needed to succeed in his or her chosen career (Tartaglia, 1999). Another field where â€Å"competency†, â€Å"alliance building†, and â€Å"character† is necessitated is in the â€Å"Research Consultancy Firm† (Tartaglia, 1999). Here researchers should have competency to perform very well; this in not only to keep their jobs but to be promoted as well (Tartaglia, 1999). They should be able to satisfy their clients with their research works, thus competency is really required (Tartaglia, 1999). Alliance building is also important in the Research Consultancy Firm, for instance, the researchers need statisticians to do statistical analysis for them to be able to complete their research works so they really need to be flexible enough to work with others (Tartaglia, 1999). Last but not least, doing research takes a lot of time, energy, and patience, thus â€Å"character† is needed in order to succeed in it (Tartaglia, 1999). Also, since satisfaction of clients is very important in this field, it is important that rese archers learn to accept constructive criticisms, negative feedback, and great understanding to be able to improve, if not perfect, their work (Tartaglia, 1999). References CIPD. (2007). Competency and Competency Frameworks. Retrieved September 1, 2007 from http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/perfmangmt/competnces/comptfrmwk.htm Competency-Based Performance Standard for Ability to Work with Others. (n.d.). Retrieved September 1, 2007 from http://www.ed.state.nh.us/education/doe/organization/adultlearning/Guidance/rubrics/work-others.htm LE DEIST, F.D. and WINTERTON, J. (2005). What is competency? Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27-46. Tartaglia, L.A. (1999).   The Seven Marks of Character. Retrieved September 1, 2007 from http://home.earthlink.net/~denmartin/fla.html How to cite Competency, Alliance Building, and Character, Essay examples

Business Idea And Its Components Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Idea And Its Components. Answer: Introduction: Entrepreneurship involves the procedure of starting a business and the one who starts the business is called an entrepreneur. It is an extremely wide subject. At the very core of it, Entrepreneurship is a way of thinking, it is a mindset of solving problems and creating value (Business News Daily, 2017). Entrepreneurship is crucial for any economy as it feeds on innovation which eventually leads to growth. This is the reason why governments are extensively working to support and promote businesses in the form of subsidies, grants and aids. My idea revolves around the foundation of a currency consultation firm. In the current economic scenario it has been observed that there are immense fluctuations in the Australian Dollar against the US dollar. In the last three years alone, it has been noted that the currency has touched a low of 0.6863 and a high of 1.0509 (XE, 2017). Of course, such movements in the currency will not have a direct impact on individuals, But there are various businesses including but not limited to exports and imports where the such fluctuations tend to have a major influence (ABC News, 2015). The very aim of this currency consultation firm is to help clients trace, scrutinize, control, work at decreasing the effect as well as take advantage of these movements. Need Analysis: The backbone for the success of any business is to recognize a need gap in the society and work towards fulfilling that need with the business offerings. Before starting any business, it is important to identify the right customer as that forms the backbone of the company (Harvard Business Review, 2014). The trade barometer in Australia is consistently on a rise and the upcoming forecast for the same is upward looking (Reuters, 2017). This is evidenced by the fact that Australia exported AUD 31.07bn and imported AUD 30.61bn worth of goods and services in the month of July this year (Trading Economic, 2017). Predominantly Australian trade transactions are conducted with US dollars being the currency of exchange. Therefore, it intensely and often adversely influences several export and import businesses mainly because they are incompetent to predict these currency vicissitudes beforehand. This firm aims to mend that bridge by offering consultation and advisory services wherein financial experts track the currency market and guide the clients upon various details of their business like time of booking orders, tools for hedging1 their currency from risk and also guide them on their respective banking charges2. Target Market: Phillip Kotler defines target market as a set of well-defined set of customers whose needs the organization plans to satisfy (Creighton University, 2002). The companys target market would ideally be businesses importing to Australia. Most of Australian imports include Iron ores, petroleum, gold, wheat and coal. Firms that are exporting from Australia will especially natural gas, minerals, wool and agricultural products will also be targeted. Geographically, The firm will begin operations in Sydney as the city is a home for tremendous number of exporters and importers, however clienteles would be targeted throughout the country. The positioning of the firm would be done as a niche, targeting exporters and importers with an annual turnover of more than AUD 20 million. The organization will gain competitive advantage by hiring top executives who are subject matter experts and have a solid grasp in the field of currency trading. The knowledge industry is on a rise and while selling this knowledge it is the human resource of the organization that matters the most (Forbes, 2011). Business Model: Services offered are niche and hence targeted clients would be businesses with an export/import turnover of over AUD 20 million. Most of the firms today make a lot of pricing mistakes as they fail to understand that no single pricing strategy can work for all the clients (Forbes, 2015). Hence we will be offering two different business models to our clients to choose from. Fixed Fee: In this model, services will be charged in the form of annual consultation fee which will be different for every client depending on their turnover. The payment structure would include paying the fees in two parts. A part of the remuneration would be made in advance and a part after initial 6 months of service. The advance fee will help us cover the cost for getting the clients on board. Also, this model brings an element of trust among the clients specifically when they are given an option to pay half of the fees after six months. Profit Sharing: In this model, clients can choose to share their profits monthly or quarterly, depending on their business cycles, based on our advice. This is done as the time between getting an order and actually delivering the good can range between one month and six months. Systems would be appropriately placed in order to track when and how much have the clients benefitted from the guidance of the experts. And a daily updated portfoliomanagement sheet would be sent to clients regarding the same. Business Model Canvas Key Partners Key activities Value Proposition Customer relations Customer segments Two key personnel. Head of sales Head of consulting Customer relationship management Research Market analysis Selling Customer profiling Marketing and PR After sale and pre sale service Awareness of currency markets Reduced risk due to currency movement Rise in profit margin Every Day advisory and market update Fortnightly meetings Dedicated CRM personnel to every client Customer portfolio managers Export businesses Import businesses Banks Financial institutes Institutional investors Day traders Key Resources Channels Financial analysts Bloomberg/ Reuters terminal Library of Research reports Data team Human resources Events One on one meetings Cold calling by data team References by existing clients Marketing and PR Activities Cost Structure Revenue Structure Fixed cost Employee salaries Land and building expenses lease payments and rent Bloomberg/ Reuters terminal Variable Cost: Office utilities Travelling expense Consultation fees paid by clients Monthly fees for live screen Bonuses shared on profits made by clients Services offered: Currency Consultation Chief Service provided by the organization will be currency consultation. Wherein a team of financial analysts will study the past and predict the future movements in AUD with respect to other currencies after a rigorous fundamental and technical analysis. This forecast will be disclosed to our clients in the form of personal telephonic advisory on every FX transaction they incur. We would have a separate team to do this analysis and track the market. Fundamental analysis includes scrutinizing the data of a country and understanding its impact on the currency. These data collected include unemployment rates, inflation, GDP growth rate, interest rate fluctuation and minutes of RBA meetings etc. (Forex Factory, 2017). Whereas technical analysis involves study of the historic movements in the currency and mathematically forecasting the future trends. This is achieved by use of Bloomberg and Reuters terminals as currently they are the most effective tools of financial analysis (Financial Times, 2017) Live Screen An Ancillary assistance offered would be a Bloomberg or Reuter linked live screen where clients will be able to monitor the live movement of AUD against all other currencies as and when it happens. Most of the websites and news channels show slightly lagged rate and it becomes difficult to negotiate with the banks as they do not consider these as efficient tools. Only Reuters and Bloomberg terminals provide exact rates and these are really expensive terminals. This is where the need gap comes, and this is filled by creating live screens that are Bloomberg linked. They are not as accurate as Reuters or Bloomberg but far more effective than new channels. Once the clients have this screen, they are in a better position to negotiate with the bank and get a better exchange rate. This can be explained better with an example: Consider a company ABC exports sells its goods to USA and charges the importing company USD 1 million. Upon completing the order, client makes a payment and this USD 1 million reach ABC exporters bank. Now bank will decide at what rate the exchange should be made. If the bank offers AUD 1.10 per dollar instead of AUD 1.25, ABC exports makes a direct loss of AUD 150000. This is where live screens come into picture as many banks today are taking advantage of the lack of available tools in the market and cheating clients by offering a lower interest rate. In fact research shows that it is the big banks who offer make the most money and most expensive way to buy or sell foreign currency (Herald, 2017). Customized Strategies Upon getting the client on board, our analysts work on designing customized hedging strategies for clients and provide guidance on how they can be protected from currency fluctuations. Currency hedging requires deep understanding of various tools and our team of experts have extensive and detailed knowledge of these. Therefore, at any point of time they will assist the client with the most appropriate tool. Due to the rising Australian dollar, currency hedging is again gaining ground with investors (The Australian, 2017). Today there are various ways of hedging the currency and gaining protection from avoidable risks. Different tools work well in different scenarios. Most of the times, the clients are unaware of these tools and hence end up making losses. The team of experts at our firm will ensure that every client has a customized strategy. And these may depend on the size of the order, the country counterpart, macro-economic outlook of both the countries, cost of the tools and expected trends of both the currencies. Research Reports One of the additional services provided to the clients would be an unlimited access to research reports. These reports would be available on the company website and the clients would be given an ID and password to access the same. Other individuals or firms who wish to access these reports will be charged. This service is provided for clients to have a written validation of the views of our company and for the company to have a bank of data which will be valuable as the years pass by. Organizational Structure Organizational structure basically elaborates on how various subunits are divided and how well are they coordinated for task completion (Organization development and change, 2013). It is very important that every entrepreneur pays attention to the kind of organization structure that must be in place. CEO and Managing Director Like every other organization the role of the CEO would be to be at the top of the things. In a startup structure, the CEO would be responsible for getting investors and ensuring the business goes as planned. It is important that the CEO puts his best foot forward at all times as he or she is the face of the organization. CEO becomes a brand and it is imperative that the brand must be preserved by their behavior (Forbes, 2012). CEO is involved at the strategic level of the business and any new policies or structural changes are approved by the CEO. Head of Consultation Head of consultation must ensure that the researchers are doing their job efficiently. He or she is responsible for ensuring that the entire firm holds the same view on the currency. Because it is a knowledge center, sometimes financial experts can get biased by their personal opinions on the matter. It is the responsibility of the head of consultation department to supervise and approve every report published by the firms and every strategy sent to the clients. Fundamental and Technical Researchers The aim of these researchers is to analyze fundamental and technical data as per their expertise and offer a view on the currency. They must understand how to club both of the data together and bring out the best forecast as different kind of analysis are better suited for different currencies (DailyFX, 2012). They also need to write research and release reports to the clients and formulate strategies for them as and when required. This team must be hired with excruciating detail as their research eventually forms basis of the companys success. Client Servicing Personnel These client servicing advisors would be the client contact. Every personnel will handle not more than 10 clients at a time. They must be well versed with their views on the market and possess excellent communication and crisis management skills. They must be available to clients at all times and be able to maintain positive relationships with them. Head of Sales Sales head would be the face of the company at all times. He or she would be the first person that the client will come in contact with. It is the responsibility of the sales head to ensure that the sales team meets its targets. The four biggest qualities that a sales must have include patience, tolerance, and outgoing personality and assertiveness (Inman, 2017). They will do cold calling, attend and organize event and get referral from clients. Sales head will ensure that the entire procedure from the first point of contact till the client comes on board is smooth. Pre sales team This team will ensure that the sales team is prepared every time they go for a meeting. They will make presentations for the sales team, inform them if there are any upcoming events and basically make the sales procedure smooth for the sales team. Client relationship management CRM is a very critical function in any organization today. A strong connect with customers help build long term relationships with them (Fox Business, 2012).Client relationship management team will ensure that clients are satisfied with the services. They will be responsible for taking feedback from clients, organizing events for them. A CRM contact will also be assigned to every client once they are on board and the client can contact that person in case of any issues, queries or grievances. Human Resource Head Human resource head has to make sure the human resources of the firm are in place. In order to survive the competition, it becomes imperative to increase the efficiency of organizations resources with the help of HRD (Harvard Business Review, 2008).The responsibilities of the HR head fall under the spectrum of recruiting, training development, team building, exit interviews, compensations and any other issues faced by the employees. HR Team and Admin HR head would be leading a team of employees actively involved in HR functions. Along with this, an Admin would also be in place in order to ensure the everyday functioning in the office remains smooth. Bringing in office supplies, ensuring communication within the office, maintaining files and fulfilling other office needs as and when they arise are functions of the admin. References: ABC News, 2015, Falling dollar, rising fortune https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-05/jericho-a-falling-dollar,-a-rising-fortune/6673074, viewed on 19 September, 2017. Business News Daily, 2017, What is entrepreneurship, https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/2642-entrepreneurship.html, viewed on 20 September, 2017. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Daily FX, 2012, Fundamental and Technical analysis, https://www.dailyfx.com/forex/education/trading_tips/daily_trading_lesson/2012/01/20/Technical_Versus_Fundamental_Analysis_in_Forex.html, viewed on 20 September, 2017. Financial Times, 2017, Bloomberg suffers rare drop, https://www.ft.com/content/6b547cb8-1396-11e7-80f4-13e067d5072c, viewed on 19 September, 2017. Forbes, 2011, The rise of the knowledge market, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2011/06/27/the-rise-of-the-knowledge-market/#548711e61721, viewed on 19 September, 2017. Forbes, 2012, As CEO are you putting your best foot forward, https://www.forbes.com/sites/theyec/2012/08/08/as-ceo-are-you-putting-your-best-face-forward/#6bb4e4016df2, viewed on 20 September, 2017. Forbes, 2015, The biggest mistake you can make while pricing services, https://www.forbes.com/sites/ianaltman/2015/12/22/the-biggest-mistake-you-can-make-pricing-services/#d5ca15da38a8, viewed on 19 September, 2017. Forex Factory, 2017, Economic calendar, https://www.forexfactory.com/calendar.php, viewed on 19 September, 2017. Fox Business, 2012, Building a strong relationship with your customer, https://www.foxbusiness.com/features/2012/01/27/building-strong-relationship-with-your-customers.html, viewed on 20 September, 2017. Harvard Business Review, (2008), Connecting HR with Competitive Advantage, https://hbr.org/2008/06/connecting-hr-with-competitive, viewed on 20 September, 2017. Harvard Business Review, 2014, Choosing the right customer, https://hbr.org/2014/03/choosing-the-right-customer, viewed on 20 September, 2017. Herald, 2017, Australians are being ripped off on currency exchange, https://www.theherald.com.au/story/4873088/australians-are-being-ripped-off-on-currency-exchange/?cs=2373, viewed on 19 September, 2017. Inman, 2017, Four qualities of a sales agent, https://www.inman.com/2017/09/18/4-qualities-to-look-for-when-hiring-an-inside-sales-agent/, viewed on 20 September, 2017. Kotler, P, 2011, https://people.creighton.edu/~shu02225/nps_c_04.html, viewed on 20 September, 2017. Reuters, 2017, Australias central bank holds fire as economy on the rebound, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-australia-economy-currentaccount/australias-central-bank-holds-fire-as-economy-on-the-rebound-idUSKCN1BG07D?il=0, viewed on 20 September, 2017. The Australian, 2017, Rising Aussie dollar puts hedging back on investors agendas, https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/wealth/rising-aussie-dollar-puts-hedging-back-on-investors-agendas/news-story/431f95c162d6811d80b005330d8cd5f6, viewed on 20 September, 2017. Trading Economics, 2017, Australian Exports, https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/exports, viewed on 20 September, 2017. Trading Economics, 2017, Australian Imports, https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/imports, viewed on 20 September, 2017. XE, 2017, AUD to USD Chart, https://www.xe.com/currencycharts/?from=AUDto=USDview=5Y, viewed on 20 September, 2017.

American Express Hiring Smokers free essay sample

A board member for American Express has brought up the fact that some companies are starting to refuse hiring smokers and that the same should be discussed at the next month’s meeting. He brought this to attention due to the fact that medical costs are rising 10 to 15 percent a year. Employing a smoker, on average, cost about $4000 more a year because of higher Health-Care cost and lost productivity. Smokers will have 50 percent more absenteeism and because of smoke break will work 1,817 hour less a year, that’s 39 minutes of lost productivity per day even when they’re present. Would it be ethical for American Express to not only refuse smokers but to fire current employees that smoke, or is it the choice of the person to make whatever decision they please? There are a lot of people this decision could either detriment or benefit. The stakeholders that would be directly affected are the employees, smokers or not, and potential employees, and customers. We will write a custom essay sample on American Express Hiring Smokers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company’s competitors are even affected in that American Express might make the wrong decision therefore impeding the harmony of the company and causing the competitors to flourish. Shareholders could possibly see changes happening as well. If they are active and involved with the company they could be upset with whatever decision is made. That would make them think twice about investing in American Express again. But on the other hand is they are happy with the decision they might even invest more in the company because they believe in what values and morals the company and investor have in common. The first option to bring up in the meeting would be to simply do nothing and go on hire as the company always has. If there is no reason to worry about smokers in the company there is no reason to make any changes that might have bad affects. Secondly American Express could do the opposite and take every action needed to not hire smokers and get rid of current ones. This would be in the best interest of the monetary value of the company. Hours would not go wasted, productivity would most likely increase, medical and insurance premiums would decrease which would increase the company’s net income. This extra income could be given back to shareholders, and employees in the form of dividends and/or bonuses. The bad aspect about this decision is that the company’s Public Relations could take a hit and have people like Jay Whitehead and Paul Sherer on their back making bad remarks about the company. A third option is to continue considering every eligible applicant whether they are a smoker or not but ask for that information on the application and take it into more consideration then it already is. If two people apply for the same job and are equally qualified for the job but one is a smoker and one is not, the nonsmoker would be hired. Taking this approach would limit the amount of smokers that come into the business at the same time not causing any discrimination problems. Lastly American Express could tell potential employees that smoking is prohibited at the firm due to legitimate reason such as past expenses in property damage and other costs. If a smoker is hired and is able to work efficiently without smoking then it all works out. If the persons work is affected by not being able to smoke then the company could give them a period of time to quit smoking. This gives people that smoke a greater chance to be and stay hired. I believe the decision should be based on a hybrid the interests of the firm and the interests of people’s individual rights. This also goes for what type of decision is being made at hand. This decision is an ethical one as well as a social. It would not be ethical to just refuse smokers without even knowing how they work and what they have accomplished, it would be socially moral either. Not hiring smokers is absolutely discrimination but to a certain degree. People that smoke have chosen themselves to smoke; it is not like race whereas people cannot decide their ethnicity. That all being said I would go with the third choice because it is the only decision that lets everyone feel like they won. The firm improves their business, smokers are still considered for hire, and no one looks like the fool in the end.

America Online and Time Warner essays

America Online and Time Warner essays * This case study was prepared based on the material contained in AOL Time Warner by Arthur A. Thompson and John E. Gamble, which was published in Strategic Management:Concepts and Cases/ Arthur A. Thompson, Jr., A.J. Strickland, III. 12th ed. America Online is the worlds most popular online service. Why do more than 12 million people subscribe to AOL? The many reasons include availability, simplicity, and content. It provides subscribers a variety of interactive features electronic mail, Internet access, entertainment, news, sports, weather, financial information, electronic shopping, and more. It greatly increased competition for market share, because almost everything AOL has to offer can be found in some form on the Internet. The increased demand yields opportunities for dramatic growth, but it also causes many difficult, technical, financial, and managerial challenges. The pace of change in fiscal year 1997 had AOL scrambling. AOLs primary market is the home computer user, and that market is still growing. Their new fundamental purpose and passion has been to create a new medium that is easy to use and as accessible as the telephone and television and just as central to the lives of millions of people around the globe. They strive to remain the leader in that medium, improving customers lives by offering value, ease-of-use. With this will cause the merger with Time Warner. What the new decade is looking for. Everyday millions of people go online. Merge: With this will entitle new-economy. Additional new software to keep ahead of the competition. Focus toward the new generation of children. High-speed growth with TV and telephones. Forming new partnerships with electronics. Since the use of the Internet and online services is growing at dramatic rates a...

Supply Chain Managment Course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Supply Chain Managment Course - Essay Example Despite the fact that Creative Works Limited is interested in the supply engagement with Success Inc, the preparations for the presentation appears to be poorly done. The presenters fail to explain the actual legal relationship held with the suspicious companies and appear to approach the agreement in a rather casual manner when compared with the contractor. Follow-up research on the actual performance of the individual companies, party to the ambiguous relationship, reveals that some grave concerns such as bankruptcy and unclear objectives leading to a doubtful termination of the negotiations. 2. Viewpoint Creative Works Limited case study takes the perspective of the case from the managing director’s position, as he is involved in the negotiations as the highest company official. The point of view is that of Leslie Smith, who acts as the facilitator in the negotiations. As the purchasing manager, most issues in the negotiations touch on the decisions required from the purcha ses department and understanding the underlying issues is important for the process. 3. Central Problem What is the relationship that Creative Works Limited has with its partners? In the negotiations, it is clear that the relationship that Creative Works Limited has with the several named companies is not defined and it appears to confuse even top company officials such as the managing director and the director. Complex relationship without a definite structure on how the managing director of Creative Works Limited obtains the proxy status over the individual companies presents a challenging negotiation beginning. In analyzing the Creative Works Limited structure and its authority over the other companies, it is difficult to generate the responsibility and liability that the Creative Limited would assume in the transaction. In standard corporate practices, several players must have clear engagement terms for use in determination of the roles played in business context. The reason fo r this is so that each party to the agreement knows its terms of engagement and responsibilities. This aspect is conspicuously absent from the explanation given by the managing director and the director involved in the negotiations. This brings about the question: Why is Creative Works Limited uncomfortable revealing its true relationship with its partner companies? 4. Statement of Objectives a) Must Objectives i) To present a professional team capable of performing negotiations on behalf of the alleged partnership. Comparing the compilation of the negotiating delegations, Creative Works Limited team appears to be inferiorly put together. (Compiling a professional negotiation team is specific and measurable. It is possible to determine how equipped a negotiator is on company matters). The professional team should be able to clear the air regarding what relationship the company has with its partners. ii) To establish the scope of their business interactions that Creative Works has wi th its partners assuming that the different companies exist as individual companies but cooperate with Creative Works in certain respects. (Establishing the scope of interaction is specific in that it unearths ambiguous perceptions of relationship. It is possible to measure scope by the extent of legal implication in case a partner contravenes healthy contractual relationship as Success Inc

Father Hesburghs Influence at the University of Notre Dame Research Paper

Father Hesburghs Influence at the University of Notre Dame - Research Paper Example Through his policies, the university’s budget increased greatly in size and the academic levels of the institutions were raised to a whole new level. Father Hesburgh showed great character in dealing with the student activism during the Vietnam War through his speeches and the ‘Tough 15 – minute rule’. People say that Father Hesburgh was one of the best things that ever happened to the University of Notre Dame, and for this reason, the university’s library is now named after him. Father Theodore Martin Hesburgh, born in 1917, in Syracuse, New York, was a great man. He strongly aspired to become a priest ever since the years he spent in Roman Catholic grade schools (OBrien, 1998). After graduating from high school, he joined the University of Notre Dame in 1934 for undergraduate studies but was soon sent to Italy by his seminary. He then continued his studies in a roman university until the outbreak of World War II forced him to leave the country (OBrien, 1998). During the war, he went to The Catholic University of America from where he graduated in 1945 with a Ph.D. degree in ‘sacred theology’ (Hesburgh, 1990) (OBrien, 1998). Father Hesburgh has had a lasting impact on American society and higher education. Following this, he attended the seminar held in Washington DC at the Holy Cross College where he was honored with the official title of a Roman Catholic priest. The University of Notre Dame is basically a Catholic American research institute located in Notre Dame. It is to be noted that â€Å"Notre Dame† is a French word which means ‘our lady’ and refers to the Virgin Mary (Hesburgh, 1990). Hesburgh spent time in Holy Cross at Notre Dame studying theology and philosophy as well as several different languages. After that, he was chosen to study at the Gregorian University in Rome because of his loyalty, obedience, and success. His first two years at Notre Dame eventually led him to  be selected to study there (Hesburgh, 1990).

Are the Peasants Revelting Occupy Wall Street Takes on the World Essay

Are the Peasants Revelting Occupy Wall Street Takes on the World - Essay Example Of  course  the  nature  of  peasantry  has  altered.  To  judge  by  the  Twitter  feeds,  Facebookpostings,  blog  entries,  YouTube  uploads,  and  the  nearly  interminable  scroll  of  theOccupyWallStreet  website,  modern  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water  can  be  fairly  said  to"serf  the  Internet." Yet  the  underlying  causes  of  revolt  haven't  changed  since  Sparta's  fifth  century  BC  helottroubles  or  the  Roman  Republic's  First  Servile  War  of  135-132  BC.  The  few  have  a  lot.  Themany  have  little.  Click  reset. ... There  isn't  much  good  to  be  said  about  the  origins  or  the  outcomes  of  peasant  revolts,  butthere  are  good  reasons  they  keep  happening.  Economic  distress  equals  political  unrest,  on  theperfectly  reasonable  assumption  that  politics  and  economics  are  joined  at  the  hip.  No  matter  ifthe  wrong  Siamese  twin  often  takes  the  beating--any  political  unrest  will  have  some  influenceon  foreign  policy. As  political  unrest  goes,  the  Occupy  movement  would  seem  insignificant.  There's  somethingtoo  smug,  ironic,  and  self-admiring  in  the  way  it  quotes  the  styles  of  protests  with  moresubstance,  protests  against  racial  discrimination,  war,  and  dictatorship.  A  November  17th  blogpost  at  OccupyWallStreet.org  claimed,  " This  is  the  climax  of  a  decades-long  battle  for  the  soulof  humanity  itself."  But,  according  to  the  New  York  Daily  News,  when  Joan  Baez  sang  atZuccotti  Park  many  of  the  sleep-in's  youngsters  didn't  know  who  she  was.  (And  Occupy  hasmore  bongo  drums  than  even  an  old  beatnik  like  Joannie  could  tolerate.) But  we  live  in  a  virtual  world.  Action  increasingly  takes  place  in  our  imaginations.  And  OccupyWall  Street  has  tweaked  the  imagination  of  America  even  if  most  Americans  can't  quiteimagine  sitting  under  tarps  in  front  of  the  local  T.  Rowe  Price  office,  talking  about  it  all  night.

Orthodontic Anchorage Unit Research Study

Orthodontic Anchorage Unit Research Study Chapter 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS A three-dimensional bone block model (Figure 2) integrated with a miniscrew was constructed with a computer-aided design program (SolidWorks; Dassault Systemes SolidWorks, Concord, Mass) to simulate a miniscrew implanted in bone as an orthodontic anchorage unit. Figure 2. Three dimensional bone block model with screw embedded. The bone block, consisting of cortical and cancellous bone, was constructed with dimensions of 20 mm. in length and width, and 15 mm. in height for evaluation. [1] The cortical bone thickness, elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratio, shear moduli and density of the edentulous maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone as shown on Table 2 was based on the studies of Dechow et al.[2] and Schwartz-Dabney and Dechow[3], respectively; and the dentate specimen based on the study of Peterson et al. [4] These were taken from specific locations of the edentulous maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone as shown in Figure 3. Since cancellous bone density was found to have little or no consequence to results obtained by previous studies[5], a fixed value will be set with elastic moduli of 1.3 GPa, Poisson’s ratio of 0.3, shear moduli of 2.0 and density 0.5g/cm3. Figure 3. Location from which cortical bone specimens were removed from the edentulous crania by Dechow et al.[6] and the edentulous mandibles by Schwartz-Dabney and Dechow[7] The miniscrew geometry was based on the MONDEAL system (MONDEAL Medical Systems, Muhlheim, Germany): ie, the screw thread profile was an isosceles triangle 0.4 mm in height and 0.16 mm along the base.[8] The thread pitch was 1.0 mm. These thread dimensions were fixed in all screw designs in this study. The miniscrew will be assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with elastic modulus of 114 GPa, Poisson’s ratio or 0.34 and Yield strength of 880MPa.[9] Table 2. Material properties of maxillary[10] and mandibular[11] alveloar cortical bone. The model was meshed automatically with 10-node tetrahedral solid elements. The interface between the cortex and the cancellous bone was assumed to be fully bonded; i.e., the elements were continuous, sharing the same nodes along the interface. A node-to-node contact condition was given on the interface between the miniscrew and the bone block to imitate a stage without osseointegration.[13] The static load along the x-axis was applied to the head of the miniscrew and perpendicular to its long axis to simulate the orthodontic force. For the nodes located on the 5 exterior surfaces of the bone block, all but the superior surface where the miniscrew entered was constrained in all degrees of freedom to simulate the boundary condition. The nodal solution of the von Mises stress in the bone and the displacement of the miniscrew were calculated for each model with the finite element analysis program.[14] To determine the loading effect, the maxillary and mandibular bone blocks will be subjected to four force magnitudes (1, 2, 4 and 6 N) and three force directions (60o , 90o and 120o) to mimic various clinical conditions. A force direction of 90o was the force perpendicular to the long axis of the miniscrew and parallel to the bone surface.[15] 2 N is the reported clinically safe limit for immediate loading.[16] The loads will be applied at the level of the eye of the screw meant for tying ligatures in a clinical situation.[17] To determine the screw size effect, three screw (outer) diameters (1.5, 2.0 and 2.3 mm.) and five screw length (7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 mm.). The screw length will be measured including the screw head, which had a 2 mm. height for all screw models. To simulate soft tissue thickness, various screw depths (screw length in the bone block) will be modelled.[18] For each screw length, the exposed screw length of 3, 4, 5 mm. will be measured. The von Mises stress and the displacement was determined for the different screw length, diameter and exposed screw length was subjected to the different force magnitude and direction. For every bone specimen there was 540 different scenarios. The stress distribution was then observed for the screws that exhibited the highest stress for each bone specimen and for each force direction. Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary of Findings There is no direct relationship between stress and displacement established. The pattern of the von Mises stress of miniscrews embedded on different bones are similiar with only minor differences. Whereas the maxillary edentulous specimens showing more displacement compared to its mandibular counterpart. Though the highest stress and highest displacement can be observed in 6 N of force at 90o direction at 5 mm. exposed length and the lowest stress and lowest displacement can be observed in 1 N of force at 1200 direction at 3 mm. exposed length. The stress is concentrated on the cortical bone irrespective of the screw length and the exposed screw length. It is more intensified at 5 mm exposed screw length because the moment of arm becomes longer, and lighter at 3 mm exposed length because the moment arm becomes shorter. The cortical bone acts as the fulcrum of the force. All miniscrews embedded in mandibular edentulous specimens were able to establish primary stability except for 2 scenarios in MDE4. 12-13% of miniscrews embedded on maxillary edentulous specimen were not able to establish primary stability. Majority of these occurred with screw diameter of 1.5 mm. (78 85%), exposed screw length of 5 mm. (61 72%), force magnitude of 6 N. (62 – 68 %), and force angle of 900 (40 45%). Conclusion Based on the data gathered, it is found that placement of orthodontic miniscrew on edentulous alveolar bone on both the maxilla and mandible is possible. The use of miniscrew with diameter of 2mm or wider embedding it on attached gingiva of 2mm or thinner, loading it with force 2 N or lower at an angle 60 or 1200 could increase chances of establishing primary stability. Recommendations The proponent of this research would like to recommend the implementation of a Randomized Controlled Trial based on the results of this study. This would ensure the evidence-based practice of the miniscrew anchorage. References [1] T. C. Liu and others, Finite Element Analysis of Miniscrew Implants Used for Orthodontic Anchorage, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 141 (2012). [2] P. C. Dechow, Q. Wang, and J. Peterson, Edentulation Alters Material Properties of Cortical Bone in the Human Craniofacial Skeleton: Functional Implications for Craniofacial Structure in Primate Evolution, The Anatomical Records: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 293 (2010). [3] C. L. Schwartz-Dabney and P. C. Dechow, Edentulation Alters Material Properties of Cortical Bone in the Human Mandible, J Dent Res, 81 (2002). [4] J. Peterson, Q. Wang, and P. C. Dechow, Material Properties of the Dentate Maxilla, Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol, 288 (2006). [5] A. Gracco and others, Numerical/Experimental Analysis of the Stress Field around Miniscrews for Orthodontic Anchorage, Eur J Orthod, 31 (2009). [6] Dechow, Wang, and Peterson. [7] Schwartz-Dabney and Dechow. [8] Liu and others [9] Gerhard Welsch, R. Boyer, and E.W. Collings, Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys, (Asm International, 1994). [10] Dechow, Wang, and Peterson. [11] Schwartz-Dabney and Dechow. [12] Peterson, Wang, and Dechow. [13] Liu and others [14] Ibid. [15] Ibid. [16] A. G. Crismani and others, Miniscrews in Orthodontic Treatment: Review and Analysis of Published Clinical Trials, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 137 (2010). [17] S. Singh and others, Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Strength, Stability, and Stress Distribution in Orthodontic Anchorage: A Conical, Self-Drilling Miniscrew Implant System, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 141 (2012). [18] Liu and others

The Great Patient Race :: essays research papers

When Gordon Gould was a graduate student at Columbia University in 1957, he sketched out the concept of a concentrated beam of light amplified in a gas-filled chamber and coined the term "laser" to describe it. But Gould waited to seek a patent on his discovery, believing incorrectly that a working prototype was necessary. Eventually, two other researchers were awarded the basic patents instead. After a decades-long legal tussle, Gould finally reveled in victory when a federal court ruled that the patent application it had approved did not anticipate the common uses of lasers. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office then granted Gould lucrative rights to the invention, in part because as a graduate student he had his original research notebooks date-stamped and notarized. The legal standard that was applied awards patents to the person who invented a concept first, and it has long been a unique feature of the U.S. patent system. This year, however, Congress is about to consider a controversial proposal from Rep. Lamar Smith, a Texas Republican, that would grant a patent to the first person to submit the paperwork --a standard that's common outside the United States. The legislation suddenly has become a flash point about everything that's right with the U.S. patent system--and everything that's wrong with it. Technology companies fighting expensive patent cases are hoping the bill will reduce litigation, while open-source advocates say it will do nothing to hinder the rising tide of software patents being issued. Many people feel that the measure will make only modest improvements, if any, to the quality of patents being awarded. Smith's bill, called the Patent Reform Act of 2005, also has drawn the ire of independent inventors, who have said it will unfairly hurt anyone without a battalion of patent lawyers who can race to the Patent and Trademark Office in Alexandria, Va. The rule probably would have kept Gould from being awarded the laser patents he eventually got. "We really feel that there's a litigation lottery. People roll the die and hope that their number comes up big." --David Kaefer director of intellectual-property licensing, Microsoft Smith declined, through a representative, to comment on the bill before a hearing set for Thursday. The issue has taken on additional urgency because of Smith's ambitious plan to navigate his bill quickly through the House by year's end. Next week's hearing will take place shortly after politicians have returned from their summer break. Meanwhile, a similar measure is being readied in the Senate by Utah Republican Orrin Hatch. The Great Patient Race :: essays research papers When Gordon Gould was a graduate student at Columbia University in 1957, he sketched out the concept of a concentrated beam of light amplified in a gas-filled chamber and coined the term "laser" to describe it. But Gould waited to seek a patent on his discovery, believing incorrectly that a working prototype was necessary. Eventually, two other researchers were awarded the basic patents instead. After a decades-long legal tussle, Gould finally reveled in victory when a federal court ruled that the patent application it had approved did not anticipate the common uses of lasers. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office then granted Gould lucrative rights to the invention, in part because as a graduate student he had his original research notebooks date-stamped and notarized. The legal standard that was applied awards patents to the person who invented a concept first, and it has long been a unique feature of the U.S. patent system. This year, however, Congress is about to consider a controversial proposal from Rep. Lamar Smith, a Texas Republican, that would grant a patent to the first person to submit the paperwork --a standard that's common outside the United States. The legislation suddenly has become a flash point about everything that's right with the U.S. patent system--and everything that's wrong with it. Technology companies fighting expensive patent cases are hoping the bill will reduce litigation, while open-source advocates say it will do nothing to hinder the rising tide of software patents being issued. Many people feel that the measure will make only modest improvements, if any, to the quality of patents being awarded. Smith's bill, called the Patent Reform Act of 2005, also has drawn the ire of independent inventors, who have said it will unfairly hurt anyone without a battalion of patent lawyers who can race to the Patent and Trademark Office in Alexandria, Va. The rule probably would have kept Gould from being awarded the laser patents he eventually got. "We really feel that there's a litigation lottery. People roll the die and hope that their number comes up big." --David Kaefer director of intellectual-property licensing, Microsoft Smith declined, through a representative, to comment on the bill before a hearing set for Thursday. The issue has taken on additional urgency because of Smith's ambitious plan to navigate his bill quickly through the House by year's end. Next week's hearing will take place shortly after politicians have returned from their summer break. Meanwhile, a similar measure is being readied in the Senate by Utah Republican Orrin Hatch.

Basketball Sports Editorial

The Stanford Cardinals men's basketball team won, 82-69 over visitng Arizona State on Thursday night. With the win, the Cardinals ended a two-game losing streak and continued their ninth straight win at home. This was an important game for the Pac-10 Conference teams. After the game, Stanford (9-4,13-9) remained a game behind co-leaders UCLA and California. Stanford senior, Matt Haryasz, who scored 22 points, said: â€Å"Right now we just need to win. We're only a game out of first and we think we got robbed out of one at U of A.We're going to be pumped up to play. † Haryasz, who has dealt with vision problems stemming from a poke to the eye two weeks ago at Oregon State, became the 35th player in school history to reach 1,000 points, following Hernandez, who reached the milestone earlier this season. Haryasz also became the 13th player to record 1,000 points and 600 rebounds. â€Å"This injury has put things in perspective for me,† Haryasz said. â€Å"Sometimes you ta ke things for granted like always being able to see perfectly. To go down with the eye injury was tough.It's nice to see again. † Stanford's Chris Hernandez scored 12 points and extended his consecutive free throw streak to 34. Hernandez is now seven shy of Todd Lichti's 41 straight, and 15 short of the school record held by Ryan Mendez. Also a senior at Stanford, Dan Grunfeld, scored a career-high 31 points against Arizona on Thursday. He made 9 of 11 shots from the field and all 11 of his free throws. He now has a total of 914 career points for Stanford. Grunfeld, a first-team all-conference pick last year, injured his knee last Feb. 2 and had surgery on Feb. 23. He missed the final nine games of the season, but his shooting and scoring have both been off from last year. â€Å"The fact that we won is more important, but it is special for me as far as coming back from an injury. † Grinfeld said. â€Å"I'm wearing a lighter brace now, and it's nice to be able to do thi ngs I wasn't able to do before. † Grunfeld began wearing the new brace in Saturday's loss at Gonzaga. Cardinal coach Treant Johnson said of Grunfeld and his new brace, â€Å"He's had a lot of bounce the last week.I thought at Gonzaga he looked real good. It's nice to have Danny back. † Haryas said, â€Å"You can tell he's moving more fluid, and that's good for the team. It's good to know he's able to do so much more. A bunch of times I hit him (with passes), he was wide open. He got a couple of easy buckets, went to the foul line and started rolling. † Stanford's Antwi Atuahene, who scored 10 points, stole the ball and went all the way in for a layin to draw Arizona State within 49-43 with 13:37 to play.He was called for a foul 17 seconds later, and a technical foul assessed on Sun Devil assistant coach Tony Benford moments later. Stanford made all four free throws on the play, and Hernandez added two more foul shots on the ensuing possession to push its lead bac k to double digits. Also on Thursday, Cal sent the University of Arizona Wildcats to their sixth conference loss. The Wildcats are coming to Stanford Maples Pavilion on Sunday at 12:30 p. m. for a key game.

Discrimination1 essays

Discrimination1 essays The crossing of the Mississippi was a depressing experience for Indians and Women, the minorities, in the 1800s. The long and harsh journey over scourging desserts, rock-strewn mountains, and icy rivers caused sadness and despair to both groups of people. The first group of people that moved west was forced to leave their homeland, Georgia. These Indians had developed an admirable culture and were civil humans. They adopted the white mans ways by wearing their type of clothing, learning to read and write, and even practicing the white mans religion (295). Major William M. Davis even said, The Cherokees are a peaceable, harmless, people...(298). The man behind all of this turmoil for Indians to move west was President Andrew Jackson. He even said as an election slogan, that if you vote for me, Id make sure all those Indians are removed. Unfortunately he is elected and carries out his promise of the elimination. This treaty was known as the Indian Removal Act. By force the Indians were hauled out of their homeland to a foreign land with just the clothes on their back. After many loads of Indians were forcefully removed, the Indians wanted to move on their own peacefully. They started the Trail of Tears. During this long ex hausting trip, there was little food and the water was contaminated (299). By the end of this journey over 4,000 lives were over due to the grueling passage to the west (302). The women back in the 1800s were treated with a little more respect than the Indians, but clearly not equal to the male. After the faith of Manifest Destiny, a belief that Americans have the right to expand and explore across the entire continent, people started to head west. The funny thing about this was, the Americans had just pushed away the Indians, and now their following them out to the west, right after Jackson said they would not be disturbed ever again. What the ...

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus was born just about 69 CE during which time the Julio-Claudian dynasty collapsed devoid of a direct successor. During this time, the Senatorial commanders of provincial armies had to result to war in order to tackle the question of succession.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suetonius father was a tribune of the armed forces and was theretofore involved in the battle of Betriacum during the reign of the four Emperors. When the battle ended, the Flavian dynasty conquered and this ushered in the empire of the Caesars as the novel rulers of Rome. Conceivably, it was as a result of his fate being entangled with such events that motivated Suetonius to make a decision of writing the history of the Caesars Empire. In any case, Suetonius was a chief witness for Romes early empire which makes his account of the Roman Empire viable. Sueton ius took to literature and law where he held several positions in the imperial regime’s progressively professional system of government. At one time, Suetonius worked under Hadrian where he used his literary and legal skills while working at diverse secretarial positions at the imperial palace. It is said that he was later dismissed by Hadrian for allegedly behaving in an improper manner towards the empress Sabina. However, before being dismissed, Suetonius had gathered firsthand experience within the internal dealings of the empire. He is also said to have had access to the imperial archives and had profound communication with several significant people within the empire. In general, Suetonius possessed the familiarity and education to develop into an important element of Romes uprising proficient intellectuals. Even though Suetonius wrote several books, my main concern, lies in his biographies of colonial characters, in ‘The Twelve Caesars.’ His memoirs start w ith Julius Caesar and ends with Domitian. This paper aims at evaluating the culture of Rome by assessing ‘The Twelve Caesars, â€Å"Julius Caesar, Nero and Vespasian by Gaius Suetonius. The paper attempts to find out Suetonius views on public power, the manner in which the government controlled the rulers and how power should be used by those who possess it. In this amazing synopsis of the dozen pseudo-monarchs, Suetonius does not conceal the crimes by the Roman emperors but presents the facts to the best of his knowledge. Even though there has been some debate disputing the authenticity of some of Suetonius accounts as mere hearsay, he had access to relevant sources of information. After going through Suetonius biographies, we often get the feeling that Roman history was much better than the crude gossip that are experienced in our present scandalous media.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In view of Julius Caesar, Suetonius begins by representing some of the conquests he made, which take account of Gaul and the civil war, in opposition to Pompey the Great. He also describes Caesar’s decree of â€Å"Veni, vidi, vici which is translated to mean, â€Å"I came, I saw, I conquered†. He also quotes Caesar during his battle with Pompey the Great as he said, That man (Pompey) does not know how to win a war. In this war, he was nearly defeated. On an account of this incident, it can be said that the leaders of that time were courageous, persistent and settled for nothing less than success. Suetonius described Julius Caesar as a man who was quick to listen to people’s grievance. This is unlike Nero who was not keen on People’s criticism. Julius Caesar is also described by Suetonius to be a man of his words. This can be explained using the incident at the meridian sea with the pirates. Caesar was taken ‘into custody by t he pirates and was only let free after parting with a ransom of 20 Andrew Hadrill-Wallace, 1983.Suetonius: the scholar and his Caesars. (London: Duckworth, 1983), talents of gold. He had promised them that he would be released, capture them and then crucify them. After he was let free, Caesar accomplished his promise of by taking the pirates into custody and crucifying them. Caesar was also friendly to his soldiers as instead of calling them soldiers, he referred to them as comrades. This is an indication that it was the norms of the leaders during this era to win loyalty among the administration and the people they served. Such kind of loyalty facilitated leadership as there existed mutual interests between the leaders and the people. A further scrutiny of the history of the Roman culture reveals that some leaders of that time were particularly unsympathetic and cruel. With regards to Nero, Suetonius describes him as strict and insensitive. The exploits of Nero was full of brutalit y and absurdity. For instance, it is said that he killed his mother because she was opposed to his marriage to his mistress. Moreover, he maliciously killed some of his wives for no good reasons. He was greedy and was only interested in his own ambitions in his style of leadership. At the end, Nero is said to have committed suicide as he was rejected by his soldiers and the public declared him to be an enemy of the people. This is an indication that the people were not happy with his cruelty and had to result to that verdict in order to show their discontentment with that kind of leadership. Suetonius exhibits this negative aspect of leadership when he claims that Nero’s death was an end of an era of Julio-ClaudiansAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vespasian took over after the death of Nero. He was the first Flavian to become an emperor in Rome afte r a revolt in Judea. He was born in 9 A.D and ruled for ten years before he died a natural death in 79 A.D. Suetonius explains that the other emperors who were before him were chaotic. According to Suetonius, Vespasian was the best person to lead Rome as he brought peace and tranquility as well as economic stability to Rome. Suetonius claims that his leadership was based on honesty. This was despite the fact that he was considered to be greedy and pretentious as he had omens consultations and had other armies supporting him. He also raised the tax for his people, which at the end of the day benefitted them. He was a man who fulfilled his words. Vespasian is claimed to be an extortionist but this was to reclaim the economic stability of his people. By the time Vespasian was dying, he had brought Rome back to economic stability. In light of the three Caesars, Suetonius is of the opinion that good governance should be beneficial to the people. It should bring about peace, tranquility a s well as economic stability to the people. According to Suetonius, a good leader should be honest and ensure effective policies that enhance tax collection. Vespasian was honest and he also facilitated the collection of taxes. In as much as Vespasian was greedy, his people benefitted from his leadership style. On the other hand, Suetonius postulates an effective leader should not misuse power or be as greedy and egoistic as Nero but should be selfless and have the people’s interests at heart. Bibliography Tranquillus, Gaius Suetonius. The Twelve Caesars. Translated by Alexander Thomson. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957. Hadrill-Wallace, Andrew. Suetonius: The Scholar and his Caesars. London: Duckworth, 1983.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Tourism of Valais Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tourism of Valais - Research Paper Example This country situated in central Europe keeps pulling a vast number of visitors every year, and this is increasing by the time (Lew, 2008). Various factors have ensured that Switzerland remains as one of Europe’s greatest tourist destinations. The country has a beautiful landscape and scenery comprised of beautiful mountains and undulating valleys. This scenic beauty pulls millions of visitors every year. Apart from the landscape, the country has beautiful lakes and water catchment areas which are a site to behold. Lakes like Lucerne are very beautiful and every year, thousands of people travel there to see this beautiful lake. Apart from this, people are attracted to Switzerland due to winter activities like ice hockey. Such sports are interesting; hence, they pull very many people to Switzerland. The summers are also warm and tourists take part in summer activities like sun bathing and beach activities. Cable cars that connect various mountains in Switzerland are another tou rist attraction site in Switzerland. People who have never been in such cars will want to go and board them so that they can also be part of the experience. Apart from these attractions, Switzerland has very many animal zoos which have various wild animals that have been tamed. As much as these animals are not in their natural habitat, they provide a potent tourism attraction. Therefore, Switzerland has succeeded in its tourist activities due to the fact that it has a diverse range of tourist attractions which have ensured that it receives thousands of visitors every year. This has in turn boosted the economy of the country. Currently, Switzerland is one of the richest countries in Central Europe, and this can be attributed to its noteworthy tourist activities (William, 2008). Factors that have contributed to tourism success in Switzerland Various factors have contributed to the tourism success in Switzerland. For one, Switzerland is strategically located in Central Europe, which ha s ensured that the country receives visitors all round Europe. Visitors are able to transit from the north, south, east and west, and meet at the central zone of Europe. As a result of this, its geographical position has enhanced its tourism capability. Secondly, the people of Switzerland are very friendly and hospitable, which implies that tourists from any part of the world are assured that they will be in good hands. Most tourists long to visit Switzerland as a result of this hospitality. Another advantage that Switzerland has is that it has the policy of neutrality. Banks in Switzerland allow investments from any citizens of the world without any hindrances or conditions. As a result of this, people are able to visit Switzerland without any fears as compared to other countries where there is thorough vetting of documents before one is allowed in. To most people, this is a tedious procedure which discourages one from touring countries. Thirdly, Switzerland has many cultures. Very many cultures and races intermingle in Switzerland. As a result of this, people from various races are encouraged to visit Switzerland which has ensured that tourist numbers have increased every year. This country has cultural intermingling, and as a result of this, it is possible to find various resorts belonging to many cultural backgrounds. For example, Valais is an area in Switzerland that is exclusively French, hence, people of French cultures are attracted to this area so that they are able to experience their

The Drug Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Drug Business - Essay Example It had become so common that drug abuse was observed in majority of the American areas. The United States had become a place where frequent illegal business of drugs was taking place. Therefore, the government of United States decided to control the use of illegal drugs. Hence, it was noticed that in the 20th century, there were several restrictions so as to prohibit the use of illegal drugs among the people. In 1960, United States encountered another enormous problem in the list of most illicit drugs, known as marijuana. Marijuana is enormously dangerous like the other drugs. It was newly introduced and very rapidly become popular and common among the drug addicts. After the people of the United States discovered this marijuana, all the government laws and prohibitions were forgotten and once again United States embarked upon the journey towards excessive drug abuse and addiction in the society. Even the common public, apart from the habitual drug addicts were then being attracted towards illegal drugs. This illegal business of drugs was becoming so popular that the government had to take serious steps towards the growing use of drugs. Hence, the government in the mid of the 20th century decided to take some serious actions against the people who were involved in promoting the drugs and also those who were using illegal drugs. It was quite difficult for the government to control the drugs as it had become extremely common. Yet the government imposed laws for avoiding illegal drugs and did become successful to some extent. Soon illegal drugs started to become popular in even the young children of the United States. They started using it and became addicted to drugs as drugs seemed to be amusing for them. Therefore, it was decided to start awareness campaigns, not just to impose punishments on the usage of drugs, but also make people aware of its harms, especially the children. Awareness campaigns started in schools. People belonging to the awareness

Management Problem of the U.S. Pension Crisis Essay

Management Problem of the U.S. Pension Crisis - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the pension crisis is an ongoing concern among various nations on their economic ability to fund the pending pension benefits especially those of public employees. The problem began with concerns related to the increasing number of retirees and the limited contributions being remitted to the scheme. In the United States, the problem is being experienced in both the private and public benefit plans. The two forms of pension plans being used by the American workers include the defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans. The corporate bodies, with support from political circles, took advantage of the 2007 economic crisis to impose measures that undermined the defined benefit plans in the pretext of saving the pension crisis. Other challenges that the United States pension Scheme faces include providing for the retirement income and old age poverty and funding for the labor market participation and incentives for the old generati on. Additionally, contributing to the low saving plans of the United States citizens and preserving the economic soundness of the local and state government as well as corporate pension schemes depletes the scheme. If left unreformed, the Social Security system will be faced with the shortage of financial resources as the life expectancy of the current generation increases. The number of workers paying the contributions is declining compared to the ones receiving the benefits. Problem Statement Underfunding is the prominent challenge facing the United States pension program. According to Horowitz (2004), the 2002 Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp (PBGC) balance sheet dropped from 7.7 billion to 3.6 billion dollar deficit with an estimated loss of 11.3 billion dollars. The figure was approximately five times compared to the previous year. In January, the Bloomberg Business Week, (2012) reported that financial estimates suggest that the PBGC could face a deficit of 120 billion dollars over the next decade. The PBGC also confirms that it required approximately 23 billion dollars over the same period. This implies that most pension plans will be lost and the taxpayers will be required to contribute in the bail out. Contributing in the Aletho news in July 3, 2012, Rasmus indicated that the crisis was not related to increases in pension benefits for workers. He attributed the crisis to the mismanagement practices and adoption of inefficient corporate policies. Factors that resulted f rom the mismanagement practices further aggravated the situation. They include the collapse of the economy, jobs and pension contributions, reduction in pension funding, stagnant jobs, and failure of the economic recovery. Almost all states have made cuts to the public-employee pension but the 900 billion dollar retirement funding deficit remains. The economic forces are reshaping the past rivalries in pension schemes, making the labor leaders and policy-makers become convinced that the past plans are unsustainable. This has cemented the unity between political leaders with the labor unions. According to the wall street journal research by Corkery, 2012, adoption of the labor laws on job cuts have only trimmed 100 billion out of the 900 billion dollar deficit between the amount the workers remit and the retirement benefits owed by the states. Additionally, the changes made to the pension scheme cater for the compensation of the most expensive benefits implying that most inexpensive benefits will take decades to be considered. The strategy of reducing the benefits for the current workers and retirees to cater for the pension crisis has failed due to the legal nature of the benefits. Causes of the Problem The prominent cause of pension crisis is the demographic shift. This is characterized by a growing number of retirees with proportional reduction in the number of people contributing to the fund. This problem can be minimized through increasing the retirement age

Master1 Essay Example for Free

Master1 Essay Psycholinguistics merges the fields of psychology and linguistics to study how people process language and how language use is related to underlying mental processes. Studies of childrens language acquisition and of second-language acquisition are psycholinguistic in nature. Psycholinguists work to develop models for how language is processed and understood, using evidence from studies of what happens when these processes go awry. They also study language disorders such as aphasia impairment of the ability to se or comprehend words and dyslexia impairment of the ability to make out written language. It is the study of interrelationship of psychological and linguistic behaviour. Its most important area of investigation has been language acquisition. It has raised and has partly answered questions such as how do children acquire their mother tongue? How do they grow up linguistically and learn to handle the registral and stylistic varieties of their mother tongue effectively? How much of the linguistic system that they ultimately command, are they born with and how much do they iscover on the basis of their exposure to that system? John D. Carroll states that this branch uses: Some aspects of psychology and some aspects of linguistics. It is confined to the study of how people use a language system and how they learnt it By language acquisition is meant the process whereby children achieve a fluent control of their native tongue. By 1950, people thought that children imitated their elders and got language but now various theories have been presented. Some argue that it is the environmental impact and product of our experience and others discuss the nnateness of language or Empiricist (Behaviorists) and Rationalists (Mentalists). The theoretical questions have focused on the issue of how we can account for the phenomenon of language development in children at all. Normal children have mastered most of the structures of their language by the age of five or six. The earlier behaviorist assumptions were that it was possible to explain language development largely in terms of imitation and reinforcement. Psycholinguistics therefore argue that imitation is not enough; it is not merely by mechanical repetition that children acquire language. They also acquire it by natural exposure. Both nature and nurture influence the acquisition of language in children. Both schools of thought have said significant things but neither is perfect. Language Acquisition is a process of analogy and application, nature and nurture. Experience and innateness. Imitation is there but the child forms his own grammar of rules. Children learn first not items but systems. In other words, what is being claimed is that the childs brain contains certain innate characteristics which pre-structure it in the direction of language learning. To enable these innate features to develop into adult competence, the child must be exposed to human language, i. e. it must be stimulated in proper to respond but the basis. David Crystal asserts: On which it develops its linguistic abilities is not describable in behaviourist terms Psycholinguistics nas researched and exposed that there is a critical period in first language acquisition. If the child, in the first thirteen years, is not exposed to language, he loses his critical period and then he can never master a language; even his native tongue. Genie and Chelsea ho lost their critical period, are the examples in this proof. If he is exposed to language in his childhood, he goes certain stages to learn his mother tongue. The development of a childs language starts from babbling; merely saying /b/, [p/ and / m/ etc. and then he goes on to word level. His One-Word Stage is between the ages of 12 months, children are able to produce one word utterances. And the child can use one word to mean the whole thing as dada to mean I see daddy or daddy is coming etc. or Juice to means give me Juice etc. In Two-Word Stage: such as baby chair eaning the baby is sitting in the chair or babys chair etc. Hit Doggie meaning I hit the doggy etc. In Telegraphic Stage, children begin to produce longer and complex sentences such are chair broken, Car make noise, I good boy, man ride bus today etc. Language development from age 2 is rapid and fast. The telegraphic stage is a very important period which is characterized by the emergence of powerful grammatical devices. In short, Psycholinguistics deals with relationship between language and mind focusing mainly on how language is learnt, stored and occasionally lost. Mind and language have two functions: Acquisition and Performance and the two are linked. For empiricists, language learning is the result of conditioned behavior while Chomsky maintains that every human being has an innate capacity to learn his language. Language behavior is a very complex phenomenon. Language behavior is subject to different social and psychological factors. There is strong evidence to prove that language learning is a biologically controlled process. Psycholinguistics seeks to study all these issues and more.

Acid Rain Essay -- Environmental Science

INTRODUCTION The term acid rain refers to the process of deposition or precipitation of hydrogen ions with a pH value below 5.0, in the atmosphere. These acidic substances are produced by the pollutants on the earth that are airborne. These acidic precipitates will pour down as water droplets along with normal rain water whose pH lie between 5.0 and 5.6 creating hazardous effects on the living organisms of earth. HISTORY The cause of acid rain is mainly due to industrial pollutants. Acid rain was first reported during the Industrial Revolution in England in 1852.A Scottish chemist by name Robert Angus Smith discovered the same. [Briney A, 2001]However the term ‘Acid Rain’ was coined in the year 1972 by the scientist in his book,†Air and Rain: The Beginnings of Chemical Climatology â€Å".Awareness towards acid rain started to increase rapidly among people from then on. In today’s date even a small kid is taught about acid rain and made to understand the importance of preserving the environment from pollution. ACID RAIN FORMATION Air is polluted by both natural and artificial sources. The major contributors of acid rain are the oxides of sulphur and oxides of nitrogen. These oxides released through pollutants settle in the atmosphere. They then combine with the moisture in the atmosphere to form acid rain. The acid rain thus collected in the cloud gets released along with the raindrops of normal water thereby forming acid rain [J.N.B Bell, 1981] .The rain water that pours down will obviously contain the most harmful sulphuric acid and nitric acid. The effects created by this acid rain unimaginable. They just burn the living being alive in seconds creating a permanent destruction to the earth. CAUSES As seen earlier, the major con... ...hould take care that we do not become the root cause for the day on which the whole world will get drenched in acid rain. Nature is precious. Every individual must realize this fact and start their action to create a green and clean environment in future, as always prevention is better than cure! Works Cited Briney A, The Causes, History and Effects of Acid Rain, 2001 J.N.B Bell, An update on acid rain: A UK Viewpoint, 1981 Lane C A, Acid Rain –Overview and Abstracts, 2003 Epa, Available at, http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects/surface_water.html, Accessed on 13th August 2010 Wolosz T, Effects of Acid Rain, SUNY Plattsburgh States College, New York, 2005 Trotman G, Acid rain – A review of the phenomenon in the EEC & Europe, 1983 Kneese A, Measuring the benefits of clean air and water, 1984 BrimbleCombe P, Acid Rain –Deposition to Recovery, 2007

Napoleon Bonaparte Essay -- European History Corsica Essays

Napoleone Buonaparte Napoleon was born on August 15, 1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica, and was given the name Napoleone Buonaparte. He was the second of eight children of Carlo and Letizia Buonaperte, both of the Corsican-Italian gentry. Before Napoleone, no Buonaparte had ever been a professional soldier. His father Carlo, was a lawyer who had fought for Corsican independence, but after the French occupied the island in 1768, he served as a prosecutor and a judge and entered the French aristocracy as a count. Through his father's influence, Napoleone was educated at the expense of King Louis XVI, at Brienne and the Ecole Militaire, in Paris. Napoleone graduated in 1785, at the age of 16, and joined the artillery as a second lieutenant. After the revolution began in France, he became a lieutenant colonel (1791) in the Corsican National Guard. However, when Corsica declared independence in 1793, Buonaperte, a Republican, and a French patriot, fled to France with his family. He was assigned, as captain, to an army besieging Toulon, a naval base that was aided by a British fleet, while in revolt against the republic. It was here that Napoleone Buonaperte officially changed his name to Napoleon Bonaparte, feeling that it looked "more French". It was here too that Napoleon replaced a wounded artillery general, and seized ground where his guns could drive the British fleet from the harbor, and Toulon fell. As a result of his accomplishments, Bonapatre was promoted to brigadier general at the age of 24. In 1795, he saved the revolutionary government by dispersing an insurgent mob in Paris. Then in 1796 he married Josephine de Beauharnais, the mother of two children and the widow of an aristocrat guillotined in the Revolution. Early in his life Napoleon was showing signs of militaristic geniuses and knowledge for formidable strategy. It was through the application of his skills, and a revolutionary style of spontaneous fighting styles than gave Napoleon the opportunities, which he jumped at, making his the great military leader he is known as today. Latter in1796, Napoleon became commander of the French army in Italy. He defeated four Austrian generals in succession, each at impossible odds, and forced Austria and it's allies to make peace. The Treaty of Campo Formio provided that France keep most of its conquests. In northern Italy he f... ...ropean countries. Napoleon was a driven man, never secure, never satisfied. "Power is my mistress" (VI pg. 176), he said. His life was work-centered; even his social activities had a purpose. He could bear amusements or vacations only briefly. His tastes were for coarse food, bad wine, and for cheap tobacco. He could be hypnotically charming for a needed purpose of course. He had intense loyalties to his family and old associates. Even so, nothing or nobody, were allowed to interfere with his work. Napoleon was sometimes a tyrant and always an authorian. But one who believed, however in ruling by mandate of the people, expressed on plebiscites. He was also a great enlightened monarch-a civil executive of enormous capacity who changed French institutions and tried to reform the intuitions of Europe and give the Continent a common law. Few historians deny that he was a military genius. At St. Helena, he said "Waterloo will erase the memory of all my victories." (VII pg.345) he was wrong; for better or worse, he is best remembered as a general, not for his enlightened government, but surely the latter must be counted if he is justly to be called "Napoleon the Great".