Human Nature Critique Essay - 1238 Words

Michael E. Castillo Armstrong Rhet/Comp II October 1, 2014 Human Nature Critique In his article, Human Nature, investigative historian Mark Dowie argues the fact that people’s ideas of what nature and wilderness completely invalidate the true meaning of what nature really is. His main claim is that the western way of thinking about wilderness and nature as separate from humanity has led to environmental destruction and ethnic cleansing. In the beginning of the article, Dowie introduces the way these different photographers have created a myth of nature through their pictures of places that are absent of humans to give society a distorted interpretation of what nature is or looks like. He continues his article by involving†¦show more content†¦Based on who William Cronon is, Dowie is given the opportunity of obtaining credibility for his argument by utilizing Cronons essay and allowing it to support his ideas clearly. Along with the testimonies that Dowie uses to help advocate his deliverance of his argument, the interviews he conducts with different people also grant Dowie more credibility for his essay and argument. As a way to provide to these ideas, he uses interviews to state his claim that nature is really everything we live in, not something we separate from ourselves and call nature. Dowies interview with Patricia Cochran, a Yupik native scientist in Alaska, implies just that. Cochran says to Dowie in the interview that they have no word for wilderness, and What you call wilderness we call our back yard. This perfectly advocates Dowies idea that everything we live in is called the wilderness, or nature. In the continuing interviews, each person continues to introduce the same belief. Jakob Malas, a Khomani hunter, states that what he lives in is not wilderness to us. The same follows with each interview, each with the same or a similar response to whatever question Dowie asks. The use of t he interviews in Dowie’s article are possibly the most important aspect for Dowie to have his argument statedShow MoreRelatedThe Seventh Chapter of Romans1139 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaning. It might be seen as offering up a very low anthropology, and a pessimistic view of the human condition. Even the central question of who is thought to be speaking in the majority of the chapter remains a hotly contested question. Nevertheless, in the face of perceived ambiguity, the speaker of Romans Chapter 7 offers an insight into the deep schism of action and thought that is found in each human mind, which can only be escaped through the grace and power of God. To understand Paul’s thinkingRead MorePhilosophical Argument ( 400 Words )844 Words   |  4 PagesPHILOSOPHICAL ARGUMENT (400 words) According to Sartre (1948, p.1) Existentialism is a principle that renders human life possible, through the affirmation that all truth and action denote an environment and a human subjectivity. A belief that the essence of man precedes that existence which we encounter through experience (Sartre, 1948, p. 3). Existentialism places the full responsibility for one’s existence upon our own shoulders; putting a man in ownership of himself as he is, responsible forRead MoreInnate Sin of Selfishness1400 Words   |  6 Pagesinto the nature of sin and prescribe solutions to problem of evil so that Christians can understand the existence of evil. Human nature defined by both Paul and Augustine is the pattern drawn from actions that humans without a stimulus. For Paul, the importance of love, and condemnation of the idea that all is permitted reveal his view of human nature. Augustine’s analysis of infancy and of his own sexual urges leads to a similar view of human nature. Bot h Paul and Augustine view the nature of humansRead MoreA Reflective Paper On Integration852 Words   |  4 Pagessuffering guilt or shame and their confession will then require a process for helping. The Spirit of Truth must be central in that decision and thus the use of Christian Psychology is my current integrative position. Historic Foundation Understanding human beings according to historic Christianity is a foundation of this view (Johnson, 2010 p. 155). There is evidence of psychology embedded in the wisdom of Scripture, as in Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount and throughout the New Testament for Jesus’ dealingRead MoreEssay on Nature vs Nurture in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein2036 Words   |  9 Pages Philosophers and scientists alike have debated for centuries whether a person’s character is the result of nature or nurture. In the writings of Thomas Hobbes, it is expressed that humans are endowed with character from birth, and that they are innately evil in nature. John Locke’s response to this theory is that everyone is born with a tabula rasa, or blank slate, and then develops character after a series of formative experiences. The idea that true character is the result of experiences and societalRead MoreAnalysis Of Sartre s The Wall870 Words   |  4 Pagesdeath. Consequently, Sartreà ¢â‚¬â„¢s critique of the nature of the universe and nature of man is viewed through the lens of one who is anticipating death. In The Wall Sartre makes an indirect comment about happiness by depicting the void of happiness that can reside in the anticipation of death. Despite deaths interconnection with the nature of the universe and life, Sartre most direct comment on the basic philosophical –religious questions of life is concerning human nature. Thus, I will begin this previewRead MoreMorality via Kant and Hegel1712 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Human beings have moral inclinations that affect our actions. Few would deny as a fact of human life a perpe-tual strive to do right and good concordant with one’s particular moral beliefs (while concomitantly judging others by them). For most, this strive is accompanied by a questioning of the very nature of the moral: Is there an impartial criterion that enables us to know objectively what one ought to do, or do our moral intuitions rest solely on subjective, arbitrary groundsRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Criticism : The Ontological, Psychological, And Pedagogical800 Words   |  4 Pagesnot only challenge their mind but are encouraged to use their mind in order to challenge. For example, Plato develops three critiques: the ontological, psychological, and pedagogical. The ontological critique focuses on how the imitations inspiration trickles down a â€Å"chain of magnets.† The Gods inspire a muse, and the Muse inspires the Rhapsode. (Explain) The first critique analyze s how the strength of inspiration isn’t lost but knowledge is. The Gods being ultimate knowledge, while the RhapsodeRead MoreAnalysis Of Avatar1353 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom its presentation of alien natives and a colonial corporate military, to race issues and a depiction of cigarette use. This essay attempts to explore main threads of the film, analyzing criticism, and offering its own critique and deconstruction. It will employ diagnostic critique, as well, in order to analyze how Avatar is equally a reflection of and an active influence on contemporary culture. Avatar takes place on the vibrant world of Pandora, created by Cameron with digital technology and colonizedRead MoreThomas Hobbes Social Contract Theory Essay895 Words   |  4 Pagescollective agreement where everyone in the state of nature comes together and sacrifices all their liberty in return to security. â€Å"In return, the State promises to exercise its absolute power to maintain a state of peace (by punishing deviants, etc.)† So are the power and the ability of the state making people obey to the laws or is there a wider context to this? I am going to look at the different factors to this argument including a wide range of critiques about Hobbes’ theory to see whether or not his

What Can Be Done to Stop Homelessness in America Essay

Homelessness is across the world some places are better that other but every place on earth has homeless people. This paragraph is going to be why the issue is important how it affects people and what people and you can do to help. This is an issue that is important to me after this I hope you do something to help the homeless. This issue is important because there are between 750,000 and 1.3 million people that are homeless and that is just in America and that number is getting bigger due to economic times. People with children are becoming homeless about 36% of homeless people are families most people who are homeless have suffered a different tragedy some are wives fleeing for domestic violence. You might ask who the victims are of†¦show more content†¦In my opinoin we should focus on the united states first if we get ourselves up and running we will be a greater force to help others. when I say solve the issue I don’t mean we just give them money I mean we try to get them an education if they learn a field in which the work force need. Setting up schools can also help the childred of these poor people. This is just a dream of mine all those people rising up and could you imaging 100 million extra people making money and the economy. You can do many things to help homeless people like volunteering at a soup kitchen or just donating some of your old clothes there are also many charities around Kansas. You can be a part of a coat drive I take part in a coat drive at the end of December I would do it earlier but the list is always full and that makes me feel rather good that so many people know people are homeless and they want to do something. There are over 20 homeless shelters in Kansas (Northland Housing). All you have to do is two hours of your time it’s not a lot and it is fun to talk to some of the people. I do believe we can help the homeless but once again it will not just happen overnight it will take years maybe decades and then we probably won’t be able to help everyone but those thousand you do help over the years it will make a world of a difference. Two hours of your time once a year that’s all you would have to give and two hours for 100 seems like a good deal to me. Homelessness isShow MoreRelatedWhy Do People Become Homelss1750 Words   |  7 PagesHOMELESS AND WHY IT DOESN’T STOP LAVERNA MOORER ARGOSY UNIVERSITY Abstract This paper is going to present to you why people become homeless and why it does not stop Homelessness is a problem that have getting out of hands because of not addressing the situation on time. The focus is not so much the why but, if it will ever stop. Homelessness is a phenomenon that has so much to address research has been done; it was discover that for our government to concentrate on the stop instead of the why. WeRead MoreCauses of Homelessness Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of Homelessness Bentley Martin BSHS/302 July 16, 2011 Joey Schumacher Causes of Homelessness There are many factors that lead to poverty and homelessness. People often jump to conclusions and form stereotypes to look down upon those who are poor. Stereotypes include poor people who are viewed as lazy, jobless, criminals, or un-educated. When I think of a homeless individual, I would agree with most of the stereotypes and find within the reading and researching that there is more toRead MoreHomelessness : The United States1214 Words   |  5 Pagesthey cannot make enough money to pay to live in their previous homes. Homelessness occurs when people or households cannot afford housing. 3.5 million people yearly experience homelessness in the United States, and it is time to take action to end the suffering of homeless people. The U.S. government should execute plans to make housing low-cost and more jobs that are high-paying to reduce homelessness in the U.S. Homelessness has always been a problem in the United States but just not as widespreadRead MoreEssay on Homelessness1569 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness is a serious problem in our society. Every night in our nation thousands of people are on the streets. This type of behavior is considered deviant because it does not reflect the norms and values of our society. In many cases the homeless people in our country are treated as total outcasts. Many of these people have severe mental disorders. Some are victims of an economy that has failed them. One may ask how such harsh situations exist in such an advanced society. With all the moneyRead MoreHomelessness : An Epidemic Across The United States1066 Words   |  5 PagesHomelessness has become an epidemic across the United States of America over the past 40 years. Despite the fact that most individuals are reminded of this problem on a daily basis when they see those without homes on the street, few solutions have been implemented that would fix the causes of this horrendous issue. Funding for programs that assist the homeless and homeless prevention programs is abysmal, while the costs incurred due to such a large homeless population continue to rise. Over theRead MoreA Brief Note On Open Your Eyes ! Homelessness863 Words   |  4 Pages Open your eyes! Homelessness is not just people living on the streets or cars because they chose to. Now empathize with the homeless. These are the people that are unable to acquire a lasting, regular, and safe place to reside. Often times society views the homeless as an invisible aspect of society and others view them as nuisances. There are so many underlying factors that explain why one is homeless, and what society can do to help this social issue. The basic human necessities in life areRead MoreHomelessness in the United States Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the National Student Campaign Against Hunger and Homelessness, â€Å"approximately 3.5 million people are homeless each year, while 36.3 million live in households without enough food.† This statistic only reflects the United States, and to many people, it just doesn’t make sense. For instance Alfredzine Black of the YWCA in Marion, Indiana says, â€Å"I don’t understand why we have so much poverty in the richest country in the world!† Citizens of the United States have a hard time defining andRead MoreEssay on Homelessness954 Words   |  4 Pages Homelessness nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Homelessness as an issue in todays society is largely ignored. To many, the problem of homelessness is invisible or barely noticed. When these people do see the homeless it is found in the form of beggars who need to â€Å"pull themselves up by their bootstraps† or mentally ill people who â€Å"just cant help themselves†. In either case the central point remains; the homeless must be people who are incapable or unwilling to help themselves. After all, wouldntRead MoreThe Homeless Are Homeless : A Middle Class Lifestyle After Marriage1654 Words   |  7 Pagesstreets moving from shelter to shelter they were barely getting the nutrition that is needed to survive. So many people can end up homeless from children, to adults, and even veterans. According to Doran, fifteen percent of America’s homeless are chronically homeless, which means the person has been homeless continuously for a year or more or has had at least four episodes of homeles sness in the past three years (Doran). The reason there are so many homeless people now in the country is because of a veryRead MoreHomelessness : Homeless And Homeless991 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This social issue is happening all around the world and has done for many years, since the 1800’s. It leaves people of all ages without a place to live, most commonly known as Homelessness. People who are homeless don’t have a safe and secure place to stay. They don’t maintain a regular housing system, they sleep on streets, jump from houses of friends and stay in shelters. People are put into the position of being homeless or choose to be homeless due to their housing environment

Analysis of Kumau Brathwaites Dream Haiti - 2374 Words

The short story is a literary genre of fictional, prose narrative that tends to be more concise than longer works of fiction such as novellas and novels. Short stories have their origins in oral story-telling traditions and the prose anecdote that comes rapidly to its point. Within Caribbean literature, contemporary writers are attracted to this form. According to Jeremy Poynting this is perhaps due to â€Å"an urge to tell stories that remain closer to an oral tradition of storytelling than is the case in Western cultures,† (2) since the writer is more capable to bring out his voice â€Å"in the short story than in more extended works of fiction† (2) One such author is Barbados born, L. Edward Kamau Brathwaite. Throughout his adult life he has†¦show more content†¦For nearly four centuries, sugar production was the primary source of income to all of the Caribbean states and up until the eighteenth century made Haiti (Saint Domingue) the wealthiest Caribbea n island. The character of Margaret Azuchar comes â€Å"to a firm, political decision pretty soon after that-about commanding heights of the economy and level playing fields and light at the end of the tunnel.† (106) One could therefore surmise that the character embodies all the rulings of the colonial power in the faà §ade of an Afro-Caribbean muse. The faà §ade is also suggested through the use of light/dark imagery where the â€Å"light at the end of the tunnel† blinds the collective voice from seeing the absolute truth. Additionally, there is the reference to French historical features such as â€Å"Murat† and â€Å"Gregoire.†(102) Both these figures were key to Napoleon Bonaparte’s rule; Murat being his brother-in-law and Henri Gregoire being a priest who advocated for equality of the Blacks. In the story the narrator says that the â€Å"Sun Bryan† â€Å"looked like a smiling triangle made out of tinnin as if he was the work o f Murat Gregoire or Marshal.†(102) Once again it seems to be another imagery of false hope as further down he proclaims that it must be â€Å"a sheet of soff metal or a life of cardboard.† (102) The mention of the historical figures once again ties in the colonial past of Haiti to the present predicament of the â€Å"drowning† Haitians. The sad

When Did Racism Begin Essay - 3222 Words

Society is made up of many different people with all different views, customs, and beliefs. Even during a mother’s pregnancy, each human being is being molded and shaped differently. People grow up in different environments and parents raise their children differently. A person might have their own personality, such as being friendly or shy, but they develop to be friendly or shy based on how they grew up. From infancy till eighteen people develop a way of thinking about things and later in their lives they will use their process of thinking about issues whether politically or morally. All the different views and types of people don’t all mix together smoothly and issues arise. â€Å"Social problems are described most simply as perplexing†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Divisions inevitably led to the demonization of others, and inculcating prejudicial attitudes towards other peoples has long served leaders as a useful pretext for war or simply for boosting a comm unitys sense of self-worth in comparison to others† (Silverman). People began to hate each other based on the differences of where people lived geographically and the tribe or group they belonged too. Each tribe or group was known for a specific way of living and the differences among the groups led people to discriminate because they thought only their own ways were the way to live and anything different wasn’t legitimate. People started to believe they were better than other people and entitled to more than others. Certain groups’ views of entitlement led to slavery because those groups believed they were entitled to a better life than others just because of the way they look. Wars started and groups took over other groups to reveal the true humanly beast in people. The rulers quickly made the people from the other groups, they took over, their servants. Like a pimple, slavery emerged and its ugliness grew. Slavery is the verb racism. It’s a type of acti on to display racism. Slavery was found in the bible. â€Å"However, you may purchase male or female slaves from among the foreigners who live among you. You may also purchase the children of such resident foreigners, including thoseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s Baby The Baby 1092 Words   |  5 PagesRacism has been a problem in the United States ever since man could see the difference in skin color. Racism is one of the most devastating factors in our society, because it is not an action we are born with, yet an action we are taught. In the Merriam-Webster Dictionary racism is defined as a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. In Kate Chopin Desiree s Baby the baby has aRead MoreRacial Awareness And Racism And Stereotypes1529 Words   |  7 Pagesof people and cultures as well as counter racism and stereotypes? It all begins with the educators the mselves having an open mind about different races, as they should act as models to the students. I believe that if teachers educate and enlighten their students about race and cultures, it would lower the chances of racism. Racial awareness is key in the early years of education as it allows students to develop more knowledge, therefore preventing racism and stereotypes. Instructors can model racialRead MoreRacism : The Evidence Of A Structural Form Of Racism1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe anecdotal instances of racism in Rankin’s Citizen together demonstrates the existence of a structural form of racism. The anecdotes demonstrates that if a person is of colour they suffer different treatment which distinguish them to be an ‘other’ type of person. The idea behind these racist encounters can be further categorized into three categories: overt racism, covert racism, and institutional racism, and these ideas together form the basis behind structural racism. To prove the relationshipRead MorePhilosophy And Justice: What Is A Just Society.. Introduction1122 Words   |  5 PagesParks stated that racism is still with us but it is up to us to educate our children for what is to come and then shall we move forward. There are those who believe that these words no longer hold value. That is farthest from the truth. Unfortunately racism is indeed still real in this world. You see, racism is not something that appeared out of thin air. In fact, racism began dating back to the early years of slavery. Thank God slavery no longer exists. Yet racism still does. Racism still plays a majorRead MoreBecoming An Ally By White Americans927 Words   |  4 PagesBecoming an Ally When white Americans choose to self-educate about systemic racism they can become allies in the fight to dismantle racist structures in our society. Systemic racism is a theory that â€Å"takes a look at how individual, structural, and institutional forms of racism intersect, overlap, and create a deep-rooted form of prejudice and discrimination that advantages a cultural group at the expense of others in all institutions of a society - economics, political representation, the criminalRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1221 Words   |  5 PagesHuckleberry Finn Did you know that in late 19th Century satire was one of the most common forms of literature used by authors? In Mark Twain’s Novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, satire is shown through the actions, thoughts, and adventures of Huck. The story is of a boy who runs away from home and experiences many adventures with nigger Jim. Once in to the book, we see that Twain depicts the society surrounding Huck as one that is of no sense and no logic. We soon begin to realize how TwainRead MoreInvestigating The Gender Gap And How That Effected The Way That Men And Women May View Other Races1026 Words   |  5 Pagesgender bias and modern racism. My four chosen articles look into the United State’s racial and gender biases compared to those around the world. In Schnake, Beal, and Ruscher’s Modern Racism and Intergroup Boas in Casual Explanation the authors begin by asking the question: â€Å"Does intergroup bias explain the racism shown by European American towards African Americans?† The researchers wanted to see if their research supported their claim that racial bias accounts for the racism shown by the modern,Read MoreWhite Privilege : Unpacking The Invisible Knapsack967 Words   |  4 PagesWise’s examination of the inconspicuous character of racism 2.0 dovetails fittingly with our course’s recurring theme of institutionalized racism. In class lectures we have defined institutionalized racism as the discriminatory practices that have become regularized and routinized by state agencies, organizations, industries, or anywhere else in society. Although such practices might not be intentionally racist, they end up being racist nevertheless as consequence of the systematized and unspokenRead MoreTo Kill A Moc kingbird by Harper Lee Is an Inspiration for Students777 Words   |  4 Pageswho did not get along. During this time there was a lot of segregation within America and different races. To Kill a Mockingbird is about a family who believes in doing the right thing and being honest. There was a court case that had gone viral about a black man who raped a white woman. A white lawyer named Atticus Finch gave his all to defend a black man named Tom Robinson. There was no evidence that showed that Tom raped Mayella Ewell and he was convicted guilty because of his color. When a blackRead MoreThe Moral Ambiguity Of Atticus Finch1519 Words   |  7 PagesAtticus in Go Set A Watchman more effective in portraying the issues within racism than Atticus as an upstanding scrupulous character in To Kill A Mockingbird? The public grew to love Atticus Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird, but when he morphed to display all of the ideals he had reviled within Go Set A Watchman the public opinion began to change. Racism was rampant throughout the 1900s, resulting in major criticism when Harper Lee’s novel To Kill A Mockingbird was published in 1960 depicting the

Hernan Cortes Essay Research Paper Conquering of free essay sample

Hernan Cortes Essay, Research Paper Conquest of the Aztec Empire # 8220 ; There is no manner but up, there is no retreat. We must travel frontward to Mexico and see if this great Montezuma is every bit great as he proclaims himself to be # 8221 ; ( Chapter 2 ) . Cortes told his work forces this when they were sing mutiny because of enduring from lay waste toing febrilities and changeless Indian onslaughts. After Cortes # 8217 ; s powerful statement the work forces so cried out, # 8220 ; frontward, to Mexico, to Mexico # 8221 ; ( Chapter 2 ) . This was non, by any agencies Cortes # 8217 ; s first geographic expedition. He was a really experient crewman and conquistador. He sailed to Santa Domingo in the Spring of 1504, and subsequently in 1511 he joined with Diego Vel zquez in the conquering of Cuba where Vel zquez became the governor. Cortes wanted to return to the freshly discovered land of Mexico to research. His expedition to Mexico, as a conquistador in hunt of gold, resulted in the conquest of the Aztec Empi re and the decease of their emperor, Montezuma II. We will write a custom essay sample on Hernan Cortes Essay Research Paper Conquering of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vel zquez did non desire to give him bid of the mission for fright that he would decline to stay under Cuban authorization so he canceled Cortes # 8217 ; s committee. However, Cortes was determined to make Mexico and set canvas in malice of Vel zquez # 8217 ; s attempts. In the Spring of 1519 Cortes set off from Cuba on his expedition of 11 ships, five hundred and 50 soldiers, 16 Equus caballuss, and 14 pieces of heavy weapon. Cortes, unwittingly, was about to put off on an heroic escapade with himself being the perfect Machiavellian blend of will power and good fortune ( Chapter 1 ) . They reached Mexico far south of their finish so they sailed along the seashore of the Yucat n. # 8220 ; The fleet held its class so near the shore, that the dwellers could be seen on it ; as it swept along the weaving boundary lines of the gulf, the soldiers, who had been on the former expedition with Grijalva, pointed out to their comrades the memorable topographic points on the seashore # 8221 ; ( Prescott 1 ) . In March of 1519, the expedition reached the Mexican town of Tabasco. They learned from the native dwellers of the almighty Aztec Empire and their brilliant swayer Montezuma II. Montezuma was the 2nd grandson of the predating sovereign. He was elected to the imperial self-respect in 1502 over his older brothers because he processed superior makings as both a priest and a solider. The combination of a priest and a soldier was common for a individual of power in Mexico during the sixteenth and 17th centuries ( Prescott 4 ) . While in Tabasco, Cortes took many prisoners, including a immature native miss called Malinche. Cortezs and his work forces subsequently baptized her and gave her the name Marina. She was born in Painalla on the south-eastern boundary lines of the Ruling Empire. Marina acted as usher, translator, and kept woman to Cortes. Leaving Tabasco, they set canvas for a new seaport. The fleet landed a small North of San Juan, on Good Friday, where they es tablished a town that they called La Villa Rica de La Vera Cruz. The town is now known merely as Veracruz ( Wilkerson 1 ) . Cortes created an independent authorities and renounced authorization to Vel zquez, governor of Cuba. He so merely acknowledged the Spanish Crown. This was a really extremist act by Cortes and many of his work forces did non hold with him. To guarantee that word did non make back to Cuba and to maintain his work forces from abandoning he destroyed the full fleet of 11 ships. On August 16th, 1519, they began the March northwest to Tenochtitlan. The way in which they chose to go was a hard one taking beyond the mighty vents of Popocatepetl and Ixtaccihuatl ( Chapter 2 ) . As they marched toward the great Aztec Empire several 1000s of Indians from assorted folks joined in the opportunity to arise against the powerful Aztecs. Finally after Marching two hundred and 50 stat mis, they had realized their finish. # 8220 ; It was the amazing sight of the metropolis on t he lake: It seemed like an enchanted vision, this first glance of things neer heard of, seen, or even dreamed of before. # 8221 ; The metropolis was an island with beautiful places, surge ing temples, and interwoven avenues. Surrounding the metropolis was four square stat mis of lake doing the metropolis merely accessible by causeways. Cortezs and his ground forces followed the causeway that led into the metropolis. It was broad with walls on each side, and directly plenty to see from on terminal to another. Before making the metropolis they were met on the causeway by Montezuma and his two hundred Godheads ( Pagden 1 ) . Montezuma walked down the center of the way with Godheads on each side of him walking in lines one behind the other. Montezuma shockingly greeted him # 8220 ; Welcome, # 8221 ; he said, # 8220 ; we have been waiting for you. This is your home. # 8221 ; Montezuma believed that Cortes was Quetzalcoat. The fable follows that Quetzalcoat, a legendary god-king who was light-skinned and bearded, would one twenty-four hours return to the East. The Aztecs mistook Cortes for this God and proclaimed him their swayer. During the hebdomads which Cortes ruled the Aztecs he took Montezuma II as a surety, and forced him to curse commitment to Charles I, the male monarch of Spain, so the Aztecs would non follow him in cause of a rebellion. Cortes began telling Aztec symbols to be destroyed and to be replaced by Christian 1s ( Chapter 2 ) . Vel zquez had reached word of Cortes # 8217 ; s actions, and rapidly released an expedition of two 100 work forces to Mexico under the Spanish soldier Panfilo de Naravaez. After making word about Naravaez, in April of 1520, Cortes left about two hundred of his work forces at Tenochtitlan and gave bid to Pedro de Alvarado. Cortes and What remained of his work forces journeyed back to the seashore, and during the screen of the dark, captured Naravaez and finally persuaded many of the Spaniards to fall in them in suppressing the Aztecs. While Cortes was off Alvarado was non making good as commanding officer. His rigorous regulations forced the Aztecs, who greatly outnumbered the soldiers, to revolt. Upon Cortes # 8217 ; s return, he was allowed to come in the metropolis before the Aztecs launched their onslaught. In an attempt to repress the onslaught Cortes convinced Montezuma to ground with the angered Aztecs. His attempts were unsuccessful, in fact, he was stoned by his ain people and died three agonising yearss subsequently. Cuauhtemoc, Montezuma # 8217 ; s nephew and the rightful inheritor, gathered the Aztec forces and easy drove out the Spanish from the metropolis on the dark of June 30, 1520 ( Cortes 2 ) . Cortezs and his military personnels retreated back to Vera Cruz were they spent the summer forming their ground forces, retrieving from injures suffered, and deriving supports from all over Mexico. There were many vassal male monarchs, who one time owed commitment to the Emperor, who was now died, that gave support to the Spanish. After retrieving, Cortes # 8217 ; s ground forces pushed their manner back towards the metropolis of Tenochtitlan get the better ofing little groups of Aztec soldiers along their manner. Finally, on August 13, 1521, after three ghastly months of conflict, the blade and armour were winning against the Aztecs who new nil of western arms. Cuauhtemoc, the late appointed emperor, was captured and Tenochtitlan was conquered. The ruins of Tenochtitlan were wholly leveled and Cortes built upon it Mexico City. Settlers from Spain were brought to Mexico City to get down a settlement that would shortly turn into a bright metropolis. Cortezs gained instant popularity and celebrity. Not merely did he suppress new land, but because of him Spain gained all the wealths of the Aztec Empire. In 1523 Cortes was named the Captain General and governor of New Spain. 1528 brought on an probe of his Acts of the Apostless and he was forced to step down as governor of Mexico ( Cortes 2 ) . He was able to stay his rubric as Captain General of Mexico, but about all his belongings and ownerships were ceased by the Spanish Crown. A few old ages subsequently Cortes marries the girl of the count of Aguilar and in 1530 they return to Mexico. He and his married woman terminal of life in a little house in a little town, where he dies. Cortezs will ever be remembered a s an adventurer and conquistador who went to Mexico in hunt of gold and glorification and ended up suppressing the Aztec Empire.

Mobile Application in Business

Question: Describe about the Mobile Application in Business? Answer: Abstract: Mobiles are being used for almost every purpose of business, education, healthcare, government etc. Apart from being a communication device, now it has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has become an important part of business. Especially with the emergence of smartphones and mobile application the use of these mobile applications in business have become essential. Mobile commerce, mobile marketing etc. are influencing thousands of business worldwide. Thus, there are different mobile marketing models for different kind of business. In this paper, there will be an extensive study on use of mobile applications in business, different models of mobile marketing etc. Introduction: Interment and ecommerce have accelerated the growth of several businesses from different industries for last few decades. Other than accelerating existing business processes, these information and communication technologies have given birth of new era of business. For example, online shopping of goods. These technologies helped businesses to go over click and mortar businesses, from their brick and mortar business models. (Head, 2009) Evolution of mobile technologies have raised the platforms like smart phones and more recently android and iOS based phones. These mobile phones are applications oriented and businesses are utilizing these application oriented phones for their mobile commerce and mobile marketing activities. (Lee, 2012) There are new types of business marketing models are being used by different kind of businesses. People do not need to have web browser and visit some ecommerce business website to shop online. Rather, businesses are providing all ecommerce facilities within a dedicated application. (May, 2001) By definition mobile application is a specially designed and developed software or application intended to run on mobile devices. Mobile applications are highly platform dependent. (McWherter Gowell, 2012) In this paper, the key area of the study is to ponder over the effect and effectiveness of mobile applications in the world of business and to study the models of implementation for a positive impact in productivity and growth for the business. The problem will dwell into the need for mobile applications in business and then unfold to study some models in the field of marketing and research concluding on the effect on productivity. (Chen Skelton, 2005) At the end, a critical discussion on how mobile application can help to bring revenue to the business. Mobile Applications Overview: In todays industry, people always on the go hence it became very critical to make the business and market moves with them to ensure 24/7 availability. Currently, people can make information available at anywhere, anytime and on any platform to staff, customers and prospects via mobile application. Therefore, mobile applications became the key for business owners, whether they want to market their services and products or to just simply run their business (Roma, 2010) It has been calculated that currently almost four billions of mobile phones are used in the world and one billion of them are smart phones which are able to exchange data, internet surfing, connecting people around the world and facilitate business. Smart phones can have major impact on productivity of the company and the staff as it helps in enhancing the business process through offering their staff and customers with access to application using their own mobile devices (Peter, 2009) Virtually, todays application must be designed with mobility in mind, providing the required functionality on a small touch screen. The following figure shows the increased usage of mobile apps in 2010 and 2011; Smartphone sales in the last five years: In the last few years, Smartphone sales boomed around the world after becoming a commodity that is important for people at all levels and ages. In the last 5 years, after a few manufacturers competed in the global market to impose their devices and gain a footprint in this challenging market and increase their market share. By end of 2009, Samsung, Apple, KG, Lenovo, Sony, HTC, Huawei, Xiaomi and Nokia developed many new models in order to reach to customers with innovation and quality. In 3rd Quarter 2014, only Samsung, Apple, LG and Huawei got the big market share. By the end of 2011 and beginning of 2012 Samsung and Apple broadened their shares 10 times and 4 times respectively. In the third quarter of 2014, Samsung was the leading smartphone vendor in the world based on shipments, with over 78 million units shipped globally. This is almost twice the amount of units that were shipped by its closest competitor, Apple, in the same quarter. Overall Samsung held a 23.8 percent share of the smartphone market in the third quarter of 2014, a slight fall from the 30.2 percent share it held at the beginning of the year. The companys influence in the market peaked in the third quarter of 2013 when it was responsible for 32.5 percent of all smartphone shipments, shipping a total of 85 million units. Apple was the second largest vendor of smartphones according to latest figures as it shipped almost 39.3 million smartphone units in the third quarter of 2014, an increase of 5.5 million units from the same quarter in the previous year. Sales of the iPhone peaked at the beginning of 2014 with sales of over 51 million units in the first quarter, contributing to record sales of 170 million units for the whole year. Lenovos influence in the smartphone vendor market has increased significantly from 7.9 million shipments at the beginning of 2013 to almost 17 million by the third quarter of 2014. This meant that, as of the third quarter of 2014, the Beijing-based company held a 5.2 percent share of the smartphone vendor market. (Statista, 2015) It is very obvious that Samsung and Apple are heading the market share globally. But, thats not all what is taking place with the global smartphone market as the operating systems that run in the phones. The operating systems play a big role in customer friendliness and subsequent satisfaction through providing all the features, graphics, apps compatibility and user interface when using the Smartphone. Top Smartphone Vendor Analysis Samsung: While Samsung's smartphone share was up in 2013 it slightly fell by 1.6 percentage points in the fourth quarter of 2013. This was mainly due to a saturated high-end smartphone market in developed regions. It remains critical for Samsung to continue to build on its technology leadership at the high end. Samsung will also need to build a clearer value proposition around its midrange smartphones, defining simpler user interfaces, pushing the right features as well as seizing the opportunity of bringing innovations to stand out beyond price in this growing segment. Apple: Strong sales of the iPhone 5s and continued strong demand for the 4s in emerging markets helped Apple see record sales of 50.2 million smartphones in the fourth quarter of 2013. "However, Apple's share in smartphone declined both in the fourth quarter of 2013 and in 2013, but growth in sales helped to raise share in the overall mobile phone market," said Mr. Gupta. "With Apple adding NTT DOCOMO in Japan for the first time in September 2013 and signing a deal with China Mobile during the quarter, we are already seeing an increased growth in the Japanese market and we should see the impact of the last deal in the first quarter of 2014." Huawei: Huawei smartphone sales grew 85.3 percent in the fourth quarter of 2013 to maintain the No. 3 spot year over year. Huawei has moved quickly to align its organization to focus on the global market. Huawei's overseas expansion delivered strong results in the fourth quarter of 2013, with growth in the Middle East and Africa, Asia/Pacific, Latin America and Europe. Lenovo: Lenovo saw smartphone sales in 2013 increase by 102.3 percent and by 63.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2013. Lenovo's Motorola acquisition from Google will give Lenovo an opportunity to expand within the Americas. Worldwide Smartphone Sales to End Users by Vendor in 4Q13 (Thousands of Units) Company 4Q13 Units 4Q13 Market Share (%) 4Q12 Units 4Q12 Market Share (%) Samsung 83,317.2 29.5 64,496.3 31.1 Apple 50,224.4 17.8 43,457.4 20.9 Huawei 16,057.1 5.7 8,666.4 4.2 Lenovo 12,892.2 4.6 7,904.2 3.8 LG Electronics 12,822.9 4.5 8,038.8 3.9 Others 106,937.9 37.9 75,099.3 36.2 Total 282,251.7 100.0 207,662.4 100.0 Source: Gartner (February 2014) Worldwide Smartphone Sales to End Users by Operating System in 2013 (Thousands of Units) Operating System 2013 Units 2013 Market Share (%) 2012 Units 2012 Market Share (%) Android 758,719.9 78.4 451,621.0 66.4 iOS 150,785.9 15.6 130,133.2 19.1 Microsoft 30,842.9 3.2 16,940.7 2.5 BlackBerry 18,605.9 1.9 34,210.3 5.0 Other OS 8,821.2 0.9 47,203.0 6.9 Total 967,775.8 100.0 680,108.2 100.0 Mobile Applications- An Aid in Business It has become imperative for business to adapt with the latest technology and mobile applications are taking the world by a storm and hence forming essential existence in the field of business. Use of mobile applications in business gives companies to engage with their customer channel via real time mode and social sharing utility (Gebauer, 2004) to collaborate the customers in just a single application. Mobile applications have made the customer problem appraisal simpler and the way to interact with them has become really efficient raising their satisfaction level. The most obvious use is mobility where customers can shop online with the help of these applications. It can be of a great help to create virtual offices at anywhere and anytime. It is advantageous for a cost-effective marketing for raising funds, organizing events, reinforce brand power (Lyytinen, 2001) and gain exposure in target customers. It is an innovative marketing tool for boosting brand value and enhancing the cu stomer base. Therefore, the profusion of mobile applications has changed the face of expectations of consumers. According to (Fegian, 2011) the following explain in details how mobile applications can be used to solve business problems; Creating Virtual office: Regardless of the physical locations of people, they can connect to each other if they have smart phone. Virtual offices offer instant respond and easy access to multiple software applications including client relationship management software, invoicing, time tracking, project management software and much more. Cost effective marketing: Announcing for your event, products and services can be done in a great expense. Lately, organizations started to develop applications geared specially to a specific segment with their corporate funders sponsorship. The funders collect advertising opportunities to support their brands as well as increasing product exposure to larger segments. New software platforms: The boundaries of smart phones abilities are expanding due to continue progress in mobile technology. Each sector in the industry has its own software which is highly supply their respective market. Unlike previous decades were software companies were limited to build for Mac or PC which result in a lot of budgetary expense, now a days market has entered into new stage of being able to expand for all smart phones as well Mobile Application Models For the realm of marketing or generating revenue, there can be various innovative models for inclusion of mobile applications in marketing, technology and other fields. It is important to know about the problem domain of the company and the type of application required to raise the profits. Free applications with in-app advertisements is an effective model to attract users and is lucrative for a huge profit usually practiced by Facebook app. Freemium is another gated feature in which there is charge for premium features with a goal to engage users and make them willing to pay for additional options. Angry Birds game is an example for such a business model. There is a model for paid applications which are innovative, user friendly and have an excellent interface (May, 2001). However, this may hinder a large number of customer base due to its cost. Another app monetizing strategy is in-app purchases that involves selling of some features or services including physical goods or virtual goods. This is a very well utilized model for ecommerce brands and provides flexible approach. Paywall model of business applications focuses on content (Leem, 2004) and prompts for a subscription and attracts the users for more. Sponsorship is another business model for incentivized advertisements fostering partnerships with advertising companies or by redeeming rewards to the users. Business Productivity and Mobile Applications Mobile applications have provided plethora of advantages and have uncovered untapped features of the business world to enhance the revenue and fostering great profit opportunities. The massive growth and refinement of adoption of mobile application technology have made various business to effectively make their firms recognized as a major brand in the contemporary firm. The productivity in terms of marketing, communication and networking are enhanced with inclusion of such services in the realm of existing business. The use of mobile applications are helping professionals for consumerism of IT to transform the purchases of enterprises, distribution of assets and consuming of mobile softwares (Lee, 2004). The enhanced productivity is a result of time saving, uniqueness from competitors, maintaining office productivity, cost reduction or a means of virtual collaboration. As mentioned in (Nilson, 2011) the following list some ways for how mobile applications can help to bring revenue to the business; Geo-Targeted Push Notifications In 2010, Googles CEO Eric Schmidt expected the future of mobile applications to bring pleasant surprises to businesses. He said mobile devices will make all information about the world available to users at all times. Businesses can use Geo-targeted push notifications in many ways. For example, a restaurant can use this technology to send special offers to customers who had visited the restaurant recently in order to promote loyalty. Or, a store can make announcement for sale on certain items based on seasonal needs like umbrellas when customers get weather alerts on their mobile devices. Music bands can also use this technology to let people know which city they are visiting to perform there on order to promote ticket sales among fans of that band. Additional Sales Opportunities Smart phones represent a great opportunity for many businesses to where shopping applications can facilitate the relationship between those businesses and their customers. As people tend to use their smart phones when they are awaiting the bus, or riding the train on their way to work or even at the airport before flying. This is the best time for those people to shop so they make up for the delays and waiting time in their busy life. Before smart phones became available, people used to read during this free time, but today, they like to get busy with their smart phones to read, search, and shop. That being said, the opportunities are being at their max for the mobile applications to reach out to customers at any period of free time. Additionally, a stored password keeps a customer logged in at all times just to make a transaction easier. Geo-Targeted Advertising The classic targeted ad story goes something like this: A potential homeowner is stuck in traffic on his daily commute home and looks out his window to read a sign on a new housing development that says, If you lived here, youd be home by now. (Peter, 2009) With a billion devices out there in use, there are endless opportunities to direct advertising toward smart phone. Smart advertising application can target customers based on their geographic location and customize advertisements accordingly. Also, to make it easier, those applications can advertize directly on a map, where the customer can get direction very easily. Dynamic Offers Groupon is now on top of the mobile application of what is called just-in-time offers. In order to boost revenue, businesses utilize data through Geo-tracking to deliver advertisements as the art applications calculate are needed by customers. As an example, a Cinema or a restaurant can have some commercially dead times where there is not much business. Groupon is geared to push special offers for those businesses at those slow down times when a customer happens to be in the area where the business is located. Mobile Apps in top companies: According to a statistic conducted by Statista, in 2009, worldwide mobile app downloads amounted to approximately 2.52 billion and are expected to reach 268.69 billion in 2017. In 2010, earnings of mobile apps providers amounted to 6.8 billion U.S. dollars. (Statista) It is known that not all well established large companies are innovative and technology savvy. Anyhow, so many smaller and not very well known companies use technology that can enable them beat bigger competitors by utilizing technology and introducing mobile apps that developed along with the spreading of smart phones that went into the pockets of millions of people. There are also a few considerably large companies that are admired for employing resources and taking risks in mobile apps. Here are a few of those large reputable companies that have made success in mobile technology and are ranked at the top innovators for the challenging mobile technology. Geico Geico, an American insurance company, was founded in 1936. Although being a very old company, they have stayed fairly up to date with technology, as illustrated by their marketing campaigns Gecko, as well one of the most helpful iphoneapps. which was very well crafted to help their customers manage their policies for auto or home insurance. I wont pretend that Geicos iPhone app is thrilling or entertaining, but its definitely useful. If youve lost your insurance card, the app can display it digitally right on your smartphones screen. If youve gotten into an accident, it offers a step-by-step guide for handling it the right way. If your car is stranded, broken, out of gas, or if youve simply locked your keys inside, it can guide you to the nearest gas station, locksmith, or auto shop to get you back on the road. Starbucks It sometimes seems like theres a Starbucks on every corner, but once youre actually looking for one, theyre not nearly as easy to find. TheStarbucks mobile app has a store locator, as you might expect, but it also includes a surprising array of other features that make it much better than the we-made-a-basic-app-because-we-felt-like-we-had-to approaches of most large companies. Starbucks customers can use the Drink Builder feature in this app to help them find their way to pick their preference of the wide and rather confusing verity of options the Starbucks offer. Customers can use the app to load Starbucks credit so the customer can purchase drinks for themselves or others electronically or through social media like Facebook. These features add such a great experience that makes sense for the customers side by side with the ability to locate a nearby Starbucks wherever they happen to be. Whole Foods Market, Inc. Here is the biggest organic and natural food supermarket chain in the world. Instead of just introducing a mobile app that helps customers locate a store and offer some promotions and coupons with special deals and discounts, they developed a couple of apps solely designed for the customers. One of those free apps is Whole Foods Market Recipes that simply offers useful information to customers ranging from recipes to health advice to cooking tips. The other app is called Whole Foods Market Mission that avails health advice and highlights great incentives of healthy eating that enlightening to users of this app. The two apps made Whole Foods Market appear as friendly and simple as ones neighborhood grocery store despite the fact that Whole Foods Market is on the industry giants. Conclusion: In this paper, the main topic of discussion in the use of mobile applications in business. The objectives of the study and the context of the topic has been discussed in the introductory part. The outline of the next parts of the paper have been also discussed in that section. In this report, the use of mobile applications in businesses, the benefits of the same, have been discussed along with statistics on the usage of mobile applications and web browsing for businesses, ecommerce etc., market researches from Gartner etc. The statistics clearly shows that, during last few years, the usage of web browsing has been reduced by increased use of mobile applications. There have been use of various other statistics and market researches that clearly shows that mobile application have better prospective in businesses. These can be used for virtual offices, cost effective marketing, new software platform etc. There are various mobile application models that can increase productivity of the b usiness. Finally, how top companies are using mobile applications in their business that have been shown as case studies. In this list of case studies there are companies like Starbucks, Geico, Whole Food markets Inc. etc. It can be concluded that inclusion of mobile applications in the world of business have led to tremendous success and innovation by increasing productivity, reducing dependability and fostering flexibility. Different industries and businesses are embracing this new opportunity and increasing their revenues. There are various mobile service provider, manufacturers and operating system platforms. These have opened up more number of possibilities to the business. Instead of using one mobile application channel, now they can use several channels. Also, it helps to widen the reach to prospective customers. (Zheng Ni, 2010) In today industry, companies need to consider mobile applications as key to develop their business and gain more sales and advertising in cheap prices. This will improve the customer experience and help in attracting and attaining the current companys customers. In addition, mobile application can help the customers as well, as they can get access to the inventory products, receive notifications of special offers or launches and much more. References: Chen, L.-d. Skelton, G. W., 2005. Mobile Commerce Application Development. s.l.:Idea Group Inc (IGI). Head, M. M., 2009. Mobile and Ubiquitous Commerce: Advanced E-Business Methods. s.l.:IGI Global. Lee, I., 2012. Mobile Applications and Knowledge Advancements in E-Business. s.l.:Idea Group Inc (IGI). May, P., 2001. Mobile Commerce. s.l.:Cambridge University Press. McWherter, J. Gowell, S., 2012. Professional Mobile Application Development. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Zheng, P. Ni, L., 2010. Smart Phone and Next Generation Mobile Computing. s.l.:Morgan Kaufmann.